黄淮平原矿区土地复垦对微生物群落结构和功能的影响

Effects of land reclamation on soil microbial community structure and function in the Huang-Huai plain mining area

黄淮平原矿区复垦土壤肥力低,与养分循环密不可分,但复垦对土壤养分循环影响的微生物学机制尚不清楚。为此,于山东省邹城市东滩矿区4个复垦区和1个对照区共采集65个表土样,利用高通量测序及PICRUSt2和FUNGuild分析工具探测复垦对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响及其区系演替的环境驱动机制。结果表明:(1)复垦对土壤理化性状和酶活性影响显著(P<0.05),随复垦年限增加,铵态氮(AN)逐渐上升,硝态氮(NN)、有效磷(AP)、有机碳(SOC)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)及蛋白酶(PRO)活性下降,pH、亮氨酸氨肽酶(LAP)活性则先升后降。(2)复垦显著影响了土壤微生物群落结构和组成(P<0.05),丰富度和均匀度随复垦年限增加而上升,所有处理优势菌门保持不变,但相对丰度变化显著。(3)土壤pH、铵态氮及磷酸酶是群落结构变化的主导因子。(4)PICRUSt2功能预测显示细菌群落基因功能相似,与代谢相关功能最活跃。FUNGuild功能预测结果显示真菌群落包含2个单营养型和3种混合营养型及4个单一功能群和14个混合功能群。本研究丰富了对复垦土壤发育的微生物学机制认识,为黄淮平原采煤沉陷治理提供科学依据。

The fertility of reclaimed soil in the Huang-Huai plain Mining Area is low,which is closely related to nutrient cycling.However,the microbiological mechanism of the effect of reclamation on soil nutrient cycling is still unclear.A total of 65 topsoil samples were collected from 4 reclamation areas and 1 control area in Dongtan mining area located in Zoucheng City,Shandong Province.Highthroughput sequencing,PICRUSt2 and FUNGuild analysis tools were used to explore the effects of reclamation on soil microbial community structure and function,as well as unravel the environmental driving mechanism of microflora succession.The results showed that①soil physical and chemical properties,and enzyme activities were significantly affected by reclamation(P<0.05).With increasing reclamation years,the ammonium nitrogen(AN)gradually increased,whereas nitrate nitrogen(NN),available phosphorus(AP),organic carbon(SOC),β-glucosidase(BG)and protease(PRO)activities decreased.The pH value and leucine aminopeptidase(LAP)activities presented the tendency of increasing first and then decreasing.②Reclamation significantly affected the structure and composition of soil microbial community(P<0.05).The richness and evenness of soil microbial community increased with the increase of reclamation years.The dominant phyla of all treatments remained unchanged,but their relative abundances varied significantly.③Soil pH value,ammonium nitrogen and phosphatase dominated the variation of soil microbial community structure;④PICRUSt2 functional prediction showed that the gene function of bacterial community were similar,in which metabolism-related function was the most active one.The result of FUNGuild function prediction presented that the fungal community contained 2 monotrophic types,3 mixed trophic types,4 mono-functional groups and 14 mixed functional groups.This study enriches the knowledge of understanding the developmental microbiological mechanism of reclaimed soil,and provides a scientific basis for the management of coal mining subsidence in the Huang-Huai plains.