长江三峡地区露天矿山生态修复治理对策——以湖北省宜昌市为例

Countermeasures for ecological restoration and treatment of open-pit mines in the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River——Taking Hubei Yichang as an example

文章结合宜昌市露天矿山开采和修复现状,重点分析了湖北长江三峡地区露天矿山存在的生态环境问题。结果表明:矿山企业主体责任缺失,环境治理水平总体较低;废弃资源循环利用率低,生态修复效果欠佳;开采作业粗放,地质安全隐患突出;部门监管缺失,存在违法开采现象;制度、人才、资金等保障不足。在调研国内矿山生态修复政策规范及典型经验的基础上,提出露天矿山生态修复的对策措施,包括压实矿山企业主体责任,统筹推进污染治理、生态修复、资源循环和地灾防治;坚持自然修复和人工修复相结合,精准施策,提升废弃资源循环利用水平;实行党政同责、一矿一策,加强矿山源头管控和日常监管;强化执法监管和绿色准入,加大教育帮扶力度,探索实行矿山行业“双碳”约束;强化要素保障,创新露天矿山生态修复的体制机制。

Based on the current situation of open-pit mining and restoration in Yichang,the ecological environmental problems of open-pit mines in the Three Gorges area in Hubei Province were analyzed.The results showed that the main responsibility of mining enterprises was missing,and the level of environmental governance was generally low.The recycling rate of waste resources was low,and the ecological restoration effect was not good.Extensive mining operations,prominent geological safety hazards were lack of the department supervision with illegal mining phenomenons.The system,personnel,funds,and other guarantees were insufficient.Based on the investigation of the domestic ecological restoration policies and norms and typical experience,the countermeasures for ecological restoration of open-pit mines were put forward,including compacting the main responsibility of mining enterprises,coordinating and promoting pollution control,ecological restoration,resource circulation and ground disaster prevention.Adhere to the combination of natural and artificial restoration,precise policies improved the recycling level of waste resources.The same responsibilities of the Party and the government should be implemented.One mine and one policy would strengthen the source control and daily supervision of mines.The law enforcement supervision and green access should be strengthened with increasing education and help,and exploring the implementation of"double carbon"constraints in the mining industry.It shoul strengthen the factor guarantee and innovate the system and mechanism of ecological restoration in open-pit mines.