环境影响评价制度的法典化路径研究

Research on the Pathway of Codification of Environmental Impact Assessment System

在环境法典编纂的背景下,环境影响评价制度的法典化需要重视两方面的内容:一是对既有的环境影响评价制度有关法律框架加以梳理分析,结合法典化的具体要求,将《中华人民共和国环境保护法》《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》等重要法律法规中的内容根据“提取公因式”“适度法典化”等方法继受移植到环境法典中;二是对生态文明建设和绿色发展理念指导下的环境影响评价制度新发展、新内容力求作出回应,将法律实践中的有益经验及时转化为新制度。具体而言,环境影响评价制度应当置于环境法典的总则部分,还应当重点围绕规划环评和建设项目环评进一步明确环境影响评价的基本原则、内容和范围、公众参与办法、程序保障和制度衔接机制以及法律责任等内容。

Under the background of Environmental Code compilation,the codification of environmental impact assessment system includes two important aspects∶one is to sort out and analyze the existing legal framework of environmental impact assessment system,which combined with the requirements of codification,the contents of the Environmental Protection Law of the People′s Republic of China,the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People′s Republic of China and other related laws and regulations shall be transplanted into the environmental code using the methods of"extracting common factors"and"moderation of codification".The other aspect is that under the guidance of the construction of ecological civilization and the concept of the new development,the codification process should also address the newly developed contents of the environmental impact assessment system,and strives to respond and transform the beneficial experience in legal practice into a new system in a timely manner.Specifically,the environmental impact assessment system should be placed in the general provisions of the environmental code,and it should mainly focus on planning environmental impact assessment and construction project environmental impact assessment to further clarify the principles,the content and scope,public participation approach,procedural guarantee and institutional linkage mechanisms,and legal responsibilities of environmental impact assessment.