严复对斯宾塞思想的本土化译介研究

Yan Fu’s Strategical Translation of Spencer’s Thoughts

严复作为中国近代著名的政治家、翻译家和思想家,以其独特的翻译方式传播西学。他的思想在很大程度上受到斯宾塞的影响。从《群学肄言》与《天演论》等诸多译作,可以看出严复思想与斯宾塞的相通性。然而,由于身处民族危机深重的中国,严复强烈地希望国人能够认识到国家富强的重要性。民族责任感和使命感使严复译作体现出的思想与斯宾塞又存在较大的差别。在“群学”到底是“国家之学”还是“社会之学”“自由”究竟是“利己”还是“利国”“善恶”是“进化”还是“选择”等问题上,严复“夹叙夹译”的译作体现的思想明显见歧于斯宾塞。究其根本原因是严复翻译的目的性和本土化策略。

A famous politician,translator and thinker in modern China,Yan Fu transmitted Western thoughts in a unique translation strategy.His thoughts are undoubtedly influenced by Spencer.In many of his translations like Evolution and Ethics and The Study of Sociology,Yan Fu shares the same opinions as Spencer on many topics.However,living in a society of critical national crisis,Yan Fu strongly hoped to awaken the significance of national strength.His national responsibility and mission made his thoughts in his translations different from Spencer’s original works.On his transformation of the issues like“sociology”and“liberty”,Yan Fu noticeably disagrees with Spencer.Its underlying reason is that Yan Fu’s translation is socially obligated,and therefore highly strategic.