当代社会信用体系建设:现状、问题与发展方向

The Construction of Contemporary Social Credit System:Current Situation, Problems and Reform Direction

社会信用体系建设是具有中国特色的社会实践,是国家发挥集中力量办大事的优势,将各方面力量联合起来,对“政务诚信、商务诚信、社会诚信和司法公信”进行全系统建设的一种特殊实践。我国社会信用体系建设模式迥异于美国、欧洲或日本模式,逐渐形成独具特色的“政府主导、社会共建”模式,但这种模式存在很多不足。《社会信用体系建设法》将直接影响社会信用体系建设的走向,以其意见稿为基础,检视社会信用体系建设存在的问题,包括行政化倾向、未体系化以及行政权与司法权的交织混淆等。未来的发展方向是在促使行政化的社会信用体系建设向法治化的社会信用体系建设过渡的同时,一要积极敦促政府职能转变,政府身份由监管者、管理者或主导者向建设者、推动者或“助推者”转变;二要推动社会信用体系建设的体系化,使和社会信用体系建设有关的各项要素形成一个条理化系统;三要理顺行政权与司法权的关系,合理定位司法公信建设在社会信用体系建设中的地位,力求社会信用体系建设的规范化与现代化。

The construction of social credit system is one kind of social practice with Chinese characteristics,in which the country leverages the advantages of concentrating its efforts to accomplish major tasks,uniting various forces,and carrying out the comprehensive construction of“government integrity,business integrity,social integrity,and judicial credibility”.The construction model of China’s social credit system is completely different from the models of the United States,Europe,or Japan,a unique“government-leading,society participation”model being gradually formed,but this model has many problems.The“Law on the Construction of Social Credit System”will directly affect the direction of the construction of social credit system.Based on its opinion draft,it examines the problems in the construction of social credit system,including administrative tendencies,lack of systematic qualities,and confusion between administrative and judicial powers.The future reform direction is promoting the transition from administration motivation to legal motivation,while actively urging the transformation of government functions,and the transformation of government identity from a regulator,manager,or leader to a builder,promoter or“booster”;Secondly,we need to promote the systematization of the construction of social credit system,so that various elements related to the construction of social credit system can form a structured system;Thirdly,we need to clarify the boundary between administrative power and judicial power,reasonably position the status of judicial credibility construction in the construction of social credit system,and strive for standardization and modernization in the process.