日本东洋学对中国哲学的臧否褒贬之评价

Critical Evaluation over Japan’s Criticism of Chinese Philosophy

近代日本学界最早将中国传统思想遗产以“哲学”来命名,确认其哲学属性,并设立“东洋哲学”及“中国哲学”学科,使“东洋哲学”与“东洋史学”一道成为日本“东洋学”形成的契机。同时,东洋学家们写出一批“中国哲学史”著作,将中国哲学研究从国别哲学研究推向了区域哲学研究,确认了中国哲学的“东洋哲学”价值与地位,并在研究的基础上做出价值判断。其中,井上哲次郎对儒家哲学的研究及中国哲学优缺点的评价,津田左右吉对道家思想的哲学属性的否定及价值的贬低,观点最为鲜明,评价最为犀利,也最有代表性。从学术史上看,这些评价不论是肯定还是否定、褒扬还是贬抑,都有助于将中国哲学、东方哲学纳入世界哲学的视野,有助于中国传统哲学的现代转化,值得我们分析研究并做出再评价。

Japan’s Oriental studies was the first to name China’s traditional intellectual heritage as“philosophy”and confirm its philosophical attributes.They established the disciplines of“Oriental Philosophy”and“Chinese Philosophy,”which,along with“Oriental History,”became the impetus for the formation of Japan’s“Oriental Studies”.At the same time,Oriental scholars wrote a series of works on the history of Chinese philosophy,which shifted the study of Chinese philosophy from national philosophy to regional philosophy,confirmed the value and status of Chinese philosophy in Oriental philosophy,and made value judgments based on their research.Among them,Tetsujiro Inoue’s study of Confucian philosophy and his evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese philosophy,and Tsuda Sōkichi’s denial of the philosophical attributes of Taoist thought and his devaluation of its value,are the most distinctive and sharp,and also the most representative.From the perspective of academic history,these evaluations,whether positive or negative,commendatory or derogatory,are helpful in bringing Chinese philosophy and Oriental philosophy into the vision of world philosophy,and in the modern transformation of Chinese traditional philosophy,thus worthy of our analysis,research,and reevaluation.