数据产权:所有权之否定与持有权之肯定论

Data property rights:the denial of ownership and the affirmation of holding rights

数据已成为一种新型的生产要素。数据产权界定不清,会阻碍数据要素价值的实现。以传统所有权制度为基础,学界提出了“单一数据所有权模式”“二元数据所有权模式”“二元数据权利结构”等学说。但是,由于所有权具有极强的排他性,这些学说难以适应数据要素市场化配置的实际需求。《关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》创造性地提出了数据产权“三权分置”的构想,其中数据资源持有权的创设成为“三权分置”的基石,亟待从法理上论证其正当性,为该权利的法律确认提供理论支持。

Data has become a new type of production factor.The unclear definition of data property rights will hinder the realization of the value of data elements.Based on the traditional ownership system,academic circles have put forward theories such as“single data ownership model”,“dual data ownership model”and“dual data rights structure”.However,due to the strong exclusiveness of ownership,these theories are difficult to adapt to the actual needs of market-oriented allocation of data elements.“Opinions on building a data basic system to better play the role of data elements”creatively puts forward the idea of“separation of three rights”of data property rights,in which the creation of the right to hold data resources becomes the cornerstone of the“separation of three rights”,which urgently needs to be legally demonstrated its legitimacy and provided theoretical support for the legal confirmation of this right.