组蛋白甲基化修饰与早期胚胎发育及相关疾病的研究进展

Research progress of histone methylation modification in early embryonic development and related diseases

早期胚胎发育受到表观遗传的多重级联调控.组蛋白修饰是表观遗传调控的重要组成部分,组蛋白翻译后修饰通过影响组蛋白与DNA结合的紧密程度,调控染色质状态与基因表达,参与了胚胎发育及相关疾病发生的过程.在早期胚胎发育过程中,组蛋白甲基化修饰H3K4me3,H3K27me3与H3K9me3通过协调染色质的开放与关闭参与调控发育相关基因的表达,沉默逆转录转座子以及参与经典与非经典的印记调控.早期胚胎阶段作为表观遗传重编程的关键时间窗口,在此阶段组蛋白修饰酶的表达与组蛋白修饰容易受到不良环境的影响,导致胚胎期及子代多种疾病的发生.本文详细地对组蛋白H3K4me3,H3K27me3,H3K9me3修饰在早期胚胎发育与疾病发生中的作用与功能进行了综述,为今后表观遗传学在早期胚胎发育相关疾病的干预治疗提供理论基础.

Early embryonic development is regulated by multiple epigenetic cascades.Histone modification is an important part of epigenetic markers.Histone modification regulates chromatin state and gene expression by affecting the degree of histone binding to DNA that involves in the process of embryonic development and related diseases.Histone methylation H3K4me3,H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 modifications play important roles in early embryonic development via coordinating chromatin opening and closing to regulate the expression of development-related genes,silence retrotransposons,and participating in classical and non-classical imprinting regulation.Histone modification enzymes and histone modification are involved in the occurrence and progression of many diseases during embryonic period.In this review,we will summarize the roles and functions of H3K4me3,H3K27me3,and H3K9me3 modifications in regard to early embryonic development and disease occurrence,which will help to provide a theoretical basis for the epigenetic therapeutic interventions in early embryonic development related diseases in the future.