俄国1917年革命和内战期间各种势力在乌克兰的角逐及结果

The Competition of Various Forces in Ukraine and Its Results during the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the Following Civil War

乌克兰历史文化复杂,乌克兰三次争取独立的历史都与国际地缘政治的变化相关联。第一次世界大战、1917年俄国革命及俄国内战导致的地缘政治变化为乌克兰提供了在帝国废墟上建立自己国家的客观条件。但由于乌克兰地区各种势力的不同要求,各种力量在乌克兰地区激烈博弈,最后布尔什维克取胜。一战前乌克兰地区分属于俄罗斯帝国和奥匈帝国两国,一战后,则分属于四个国家:苏维埃俄国获得了乌克兰的大部分,波兰获得了加利西亚和从前曾属于俄国的沃伦部分地区,捷克斯洛伐克获得了喀尔巴阡罗斯,罗马尼亚获得了比萨拉比亚和布科维纳。当时与俄罗斯及乌克兰问题利益相关的各国出于各自的利益考虑,也对乌克兰采取了不同的态度。研究俄国革命及内战期间乌克兰地区各种力量的争夺,对理解和认识当今俄乌冲突具有现实借鉴意义。

Ukraine has a complex history and culture,and Ukraine's three attempts to gain independence are closely associated with changes in international geopolitics.The geopolitical changes caused by World War I,the Russian Revolution in 1917,and the Russian Civil War provided Ukraine with the objective conditions to establish its own country on the ruins of the old empire.However,different interests and demands of various forces in Ukraine resulted in fierce competition,and in the end the Bolsheviks won.Before World War I,Ukraine was carved up by the Russian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.After World War I,it belonged to four countries:Soviet Russia obtained most of Ukraine,Poland obtained Galicia and Volyn,which once belonged to Russia.In parts,Czechoslovakia received Carpathian Ruthenia,and Romania received Bessarabia and Bukovina.At that time,countries with interests in Russia and Ukraine also adopted different policies toward Ukraine out of their own interests.Studying the competition among various forces in Ukraine during the Russian Revolution and Civil War is significant to understand the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine.