全身麻醉术后麻醉恢复室内低氧血症相关危险因素的研究进展

Research progress on risk factors for hypoxemia in the post-anesthetic care unit after general anesthesia

低氧血症是麻醉恢复室内常见的并发症,其发生率高,影响患者术后转归和快速康复。国内外关于低氧血症危险因素的研究较多,但因纳入的研究变量和研究对象不同,低氧血症的危险因素也不尽相同。全身麻醉(以下简称“全麻”)术后麻醉恢复室内低氧血症的发生与术中麻醉药物、通气方式、输液情况、手术方式、手术体位、手术部位、基础疾病史及整体机体功能等有关。患者术前机体状态为不可控因素,且术中麻醉药物的种类及用量、通气方式、输液等均可影响术后低氧血症的发生,此外,手术方式及术中使用的灌洗液也可影响患者术后的氧合情况。因此,深入探讨全麻术后低氧血症的各种危险因素,能够为临床降低患者术后低氧血症的发生率提供参考。

Hypoxemia is a common complication in the post-anesthetic care unit,with a high incidence that affects postoperative outcomes and rapid recovery of patients.There is extensive research both domestically and internationally on the risk factors for hypoxemia.However,due to variations in study variables and objects,the identified risk factors for hypoxemia differ.The occurrence of hypoxemia in the post-anesthetic care unit after general anesthesia is related to intraoperative factors,such as anesthesia drugs,ventilation methods,infusion conditions,surgical methods,surgical positions,surgical sites,basic medical histories,and overall physiological functions.Patient’s preoperative physical status is an uncontrollable factor,and intraoperative factors such as the type and dosage of anesthesia drugs,ventilation methods,and infusion conditions can affect the occurrence of postoperative hypoxemia.In addition,the surgical method and the lavage fluid used during surgery can also affect postoperative oxygenation.Therefore,an in-depth discussion of various risk factors for hypoxemia after general anesthesia can provide a reference for reducing the incidence of postoperative hypoxemia in clinical patients.