胡塞尔的科学观——读《欧洲科学的危机与超越论的现象学》

Husser’s View on Science—Reading Reflection on Crisis of the European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology

胡塞尔的科学观表现在两方面:一是从科学的整体架构看,自然科学不能为自己提供合法性,只有作为严格科学的现象学才能为自然科学、为自己奠基,而作为唯一真正的科学。二是从科学和哲学的历史发展过程看,诞生于古希腊的哲学(包括科学)之原初理想是实现理性的普遍化,成为包罗万象的唯一科学,但近代科学丧失了原初理想,失去了研究主题,其单向度地客观化了,丧失了意义,忘却了基础。胡塞尔欲重拾哲学的原初理想建立作为严格科学的现象学,通过创立现象学还原方法,发现意识中的绝对被给予性,从而使科学找到自己的研究主题,达到真正的科学。

This research discusses Husserl’s view on science from two perspectives.On the one hand,from the perspective of the holistic structure of science,natural science cannot provide legitimacy for itself.Only phenomenology as a strict science can lay the foundation for natural science and phenomenology itself.On the other hand,from the perspective of the historical development process of science and philosophy,the original ideal of philosophy(including science)born in ancient Greece is to realize the generalization of rationality and become the only all-encompassing science.However,modern science has lost its original ideal and research theme,and its one-dimensional objectification lost its meaning and forgot its foundation.Husserl desired to regain the original ideal of philosophy to establish phenomenology as a strict science.By creating a phenomenological reduction method,he found the absolute givenness in consciousness,so that science found its own research topic and become real science.