数字资源特性与产权保护困境

The Characteristics of Digital Resources and the Dilemma of Property Rights Protection

数字资源作为数字经济的核心要素,具有一些不同于传统生产要素的特性,这些特性导致数字资源的产权保护比其他要素保护更加困难。数字资源的非排他性导致不能限制消费主体数量,会有过多的人滥用该资源,产生严重的产权保护问题。非竞争性导致人们可以随意无成本分享数字资源,造成资源被过度传播,加大产权保护难度。数字资源的规模性容易导致集体行动困境,即出现搭便车现象,不能提供有效的产权保护。非均质性增加了对数字资源价值评估的复杂程度,选择恰当的产权保护程度可能成本过高,不利于其产权保护。无论是正外部性还是负外部性都会导致数字资源的产权保护不力。只有充分认识到数字资源特性才能更有效地保护其产权,促进数字经济快速而健康地发展。

As the core element of the digital economy,digital resources have some characteristics that are different from traditional production factors,which make the protection of property rights of digital resources more difficult than other factors.The non-exclusive nature of digital resources leads to the inability to limit the number of consumer entities,resulting in excessive abuse of the resources and serious property rights protection issues.The non competitiveness allows people to freely and share digital resources at no cost,resulting in excessive dissemination of resources and increasing the difficulty of property rights protection.The scale of digital resources can easily lead to collective action difficulties,such as free riding,resulting in ineffective property protection.Heterogeneity increases the complexity of evaluating the value of digital resources,and choosing the appropriate level of property protection may be too costly and not conducive to the property protection.Both positive and negative externalities can lead to inadequate protection of digital resource property rights.Only by fully recognizing the characteristics of digital resources can we more effectively protect the property rights and promote the rapid and healthy development of the digital economy.