外泌体在心肌梗死及再灌注损伤中的作用机制

Role and Mechanism of Exosomes in Myocardial Infarction and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

外泌体是直径为40~160 nm的细胞外囊泡,含有多种生物学活性物质并广泛参与细胞间的信息交流。心肌梗死是心脏短时间内供血、供氧下降或中断并可能导致心肌细胞不可逆的死亡。早期的冠状动脉再灌注治疗限制心肌梗死区域的进展,但再灌注本身会引发心肌损伤的加剧,称为缺血再灌注损伤。心肌梗死发生时,在心脏细胞中可以观察到多种死亡形式,主要有坏死、坏死性凋亡、凋亡、自噬、细胞焦亡和铁死亡。本文综述了外泌体的性质、功能、不同分离方式的优缺点以及外泌体在心肌梗死及缺血再灌注损伤中的作用与机制。

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of about 40-160 nm.They contain a variety of bioactive substances and are widely involved in the communication between cells.Myocardial infarction is a decrease or interruption in the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart for a short period of time and may lead to irreversible death of cardiomyocytes.Early coronary reperfusion therapy limits the progression of myocardial ischemic area,but reperfusion itself will cause the intensification of myocardial damage,which is called ischemia-reperfusion injury.A variety of death patterns are observed in heart cells during myocardial infarction,mainly necrosis,necroptosis,necroptosis apoptosis,autophagy,pyroptosis and ferroptosis.This article reviews the properties and functions of exosomes,the advantages and disadvantages of different separation methods,the role and mechanism of exosomes in myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury.