急症灸法的发展、实践与思考

TheOrigin,Practice and Thinking of Moxibustion for Emergency

灸法是我国古代主要的急救措施之一。急症灸法的历史可上溯至马王堆汉墓出土的《足臂十一脉灸经》《阴阳十一脉灸经》。晋代葛洪的《肘后备急方》采用救急灸法所治急症多达28种;唐宋灸法不断发展,出现第一部急症灸法专著《备急灸法》;明清时期灸法广泛用于外科急症。灸法经历了漫长的实践检验过程,对于厥逆暴脱、咳喘痛泻、痈疽疮疡、崩漏难产、惊痫抽搐、鼻衄喉痹等急症都有确切疗效,应用范围涉及内、外、妇、儿、五官各科。灸法具温经通络、扶正祛邪、回阳救逆之功,现代研究亦证实艾灸有抗炎镇痛、增强免疫作用。溯源急症灸法,可为现代临床急症用灸提供新思路,更好地传承与发展中医急症救治技术,推动现代急症医学多元化发展。

Moxibustion is one of the main first aid measures in ancient.Emergency moxibustion has a long history,which can be traced back to the“Foot and Arm Eleven Pulse Moxibustion Sutra(《足臂十一脉灸经》)”and“Yin and Yang Eleven Pulse Moxibustion Sutra(《阴阳十一脉灸》)”unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb.“Emergency Standby Remedies(《肘后备急方》)”in Jin dynasty used emergency moxibustion to treat as many as 28 kinds of emer-gencies;In the Tang and Song dynasties,moxibustion continued to develop,and the first emergency moxibustion monograph“Moxibustion for Emergency(《备急灸法》)”appeared;During the Ming and Qing dynasties,moxibustion was widely used in surgical emergencies.The long period of clinical practice confirmed that moxibustion has a definite effect on syncope,asthma,pain and diarrhoea,carbuncle sores and ulcers,leakage and dystocia,epilepsy and con-vulsions,epistaxis and laryngeal paralysis,and other emergencies,involving the departments of internal medicine,surgery,gynecology,pediatrics and ear-nose-throat.Moxibustion has the function of warming the meridians,reinforc-ing healthy qi and dispelling the evil,restoring yang to save from collapse.Besides,modern research has also proved that moxibustion played the role of anti-inflammatory,analgesic,and enhancing the immune system.Tracing the theory of moxibustion for emergencies is conducive to provide new ideas for the application of moxibustion in modern clinical emergencies,better inherit and develope the emergency treatment technology of traditional Chinese medicine,and promote the diversified development of modern emergency medicine.