情态意义的多维度分类:语义情态之上的话语情态

Multidimensional classification of modal meanings:Discourse modality above semantic modality

情态意义涵盖语义情态和话语情态两个维度,本文基于情态助动词探讨话语情态与语义情态的区别和联系,发现话语情态是情态成分的内在语义与外在语境结合后的产物,可分为说话人导向、受话人导向和语篇导向三种情态话语类型。情态语义类型和梯度制约话语情态的传达,都对表达特定的话语情态发挥着重要作用;并且情态成分出现的搭配语境、句法语境和语用语境也影响话语情态的生成,人称、否定、时体等搭配项、疑问句、条件句等句法结构以及语篇中的逻辑关系和情感倾向都贡献了话语情态义。

Modal meaning covers two dimensions:semantic modality and discourse modality.This study explores the differences and connections between them.We find that discourse modality is the product of the combination of internal semantics and external contexts of modal elements,which we divide into three types:speaker-,hearer-,and text-oriented modality.On the one hand,modal flavour and modal strength restrict the expression of discourse modality,and each plays an important role in expressing a specific discourse modality.On the other hand,the collocational,syntactic,and pragmatic contexts also affect the generation of discourse modality in that the collexemes such as pronouns,negation,tense and aspect,syntactic structures such as interrogatives and conditional protases,and logical relations and emotional preferences in the discourse all contribute to discourse modality.