外泌体在肺纤维化中的作用及治疗的研究进展

Research progress on the role of exosomes in pulmonary fibrosis and the treatment

肺纤维化(PF)是一种持续进行性、弥漫性肺部疾病,主要累及肺间质,病程不可逆转,严重危害人类生命和健康。虽然目前对PF发病机制和治疗的研究取得了一定进展,但除肺移植外,尚无其他有效的治疗方法可供选择,因而亟待寻找更为有效的治疗方法。外泌体是一种微型纳米级细胞外囊泡,几乎所有类型的细胞均能释放,对细胞间通讯、免疫调节、炎症和细胞表型转化等至关重要,并在PF中发挥着重要作用。本综述通过阐明外泌体在PF发病机制中的作用,以及不同来源外泌体微小RNA在PF中的诊断和治疗靶点,以期为PF诊断和预后提供新的生物标志物,也为寻找新的治疗方法带来曙光。

Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a persistent,progressive and diffuse lung disease that mainly affects the lung interstitium.Its aggravation is irreversible,and thus,PF seriously endangers human life and health.Although a considerable advancement has been made on the pathogenesis and treatment of PF,lung transplantation is the only effective therapeutic strategy.It is urgent to seek for more effective treatment methods.Exosomes are tiny,nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all types of cells,which are crucial for intercellular communication,immunological control,inflammation,and cellular phenotypic modification.They also play a significant role in PF.This review aims to clarify the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of PF and to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic targets of various exosome miRNAs in PF,thus providing new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PF and its novel therapeutic strategies.