近30年美国孤独症教育的发展、挑战及启示

The Development,Challenges and Implications of Autism Education in the United States in the Past 30 Years

为数量越来越庞大且异质性高的孤独症群体提供适宜的教育是我国特殊教育亟待解决的问题。美国是世界上最早发现并较早开展孤独症教育的国家,具有较为丰富的孤独症教育经验。本文系统介绍了近30年美国孤独症教育的发展概况,分析了其在学前教育、小学教育、中学教育、大学教育等不同学段的具体发展情况,揭示了美国孤独症教育面临的挑战,在此基础上提出了对我国孤独症教育发展的启示。

Providing appropriate education for the increasingly large and highly heterogeneous population of autism is an urgent problem to be solved in special education in China.The United States is the earliest country in the world to discover autism and carry out autism education,and has rich experience in this field.This article systematically introduces the development of autism education in the United States in the past 30 years,analyzes its specific situation development in preschool education,primary education,secondary education,university education and other stages,reveals the challenges faced by autism education in the United States,and puts forward suggestions for the development of autism education in China.