多尺度地缘政治要素推拉作用下的印度尼西亚迁都计划研究

Research on the Indonesian capital relocation plan under the push and pull of multi-scale geopolitical elements

印度尼西亚是东盟人口第一大国和最大的经济体,亦是建构“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的首倡地。2019年,印尼政府正式启动迁都计划,将首都从雅加达迁往东加里曼丹省的北佩纳扬巴塞尔县和库泰卡塔内加拉县。本文尝试运用全球-国家-地方的多尺度地缘政治分析框架,并借鉴人口迁移的推拉理论,对印尼迁都的背景、动因和影响进行分析,探究印尼迁都对本国、东南亚地区及中国-东盟全面合作的地缘政治影响。研究发现,印尼迁都旨在贯彻“全球海洋支点”和“海洋强国”战略,满足国土空间均衡发展的诉求,缓解雅加达城市建设问题等。同时,迁都也面临着资源环境、资金筹备、社会舆论、法规机制、疫情影响等多方面的阻力与困难。

Indonesia is the most populous country and the largest economy in ASEAN.It is al-so the initiative of the"21st Century Maritime Silk Road".In 2019,the Indonesian government officially launched the capital relocation plan,moving the capital from Jakarta to North Penajam Paser County and Kutai Kartanegara County in East Kalimantan Province.This paper tries to use the global-nation-local multi-scale geopolitical analysis framework,and draws on the push-pull theory of population movement to analyze the background,motivation and impact of Indo-nesia's capital relocation,and explore the geopolitical impact of Indonesia's capital relocation on Indonesia's own country,Southeast Asia and the overall cooperation between China and ASEAN.The study found that the relocation of Indonesia's capital is aimed at implementing the strategies of"Global Maritime Fulcrum"and"Marine Power",satisfying the demand for bal-anced development of territorial space,and alleviating the urban construction problems of Jakar-ta.At the same time,the relocation of the capital is also faced with various obstacles and diffi-culties in terms of resources and environment,funding preparations,public opinion,laws and regulations,and the impact of the epidemic.