长三角区域科技创新效率的空间分异及影响因素研究

Spatial differentiation and driving factors of technological innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta

科技创新效率空间分异与影响因素是经济地理学者研究的重要领域,而关于科技创新效率的评价指标尚未形成共识。本文基于投入-产出视角,构建了科技创新效率投入-产出评价指标体系,并综合采用超效率SBM模型结合Malmquist指数、变异系数和空间基尼系数、莫兰指数、固定效应面板模型等分析方法,深入探讨了2007—2017年长三角区域科技创新效率的空间分异及影响因素。结果表明:(1)长三角和三省一市的创新效率总体均呈现增长的趋势,技术进步对于城市创新效率的提升具有很大的促进作用;(2)长三角区域科技创新效率空间分异程度有所减弱,不同城市之间的空间差异逐渐减小,科技创新活动趋于均衡。但是空间自相关性不稳定,存在部分地区的跃迁和正向或者负向的空间溢出效应;(3)每百万高等学校在校学生数、互联网使用率、客运总量等因素均对科技创新效率产生显著的正向影响,而第二产业产值占GDP比重对长三角科技创新效率产生显著的负向影响。通过本文研究,探明了长三角区域科技创新效率的空间分布特征及影响因素,为长三角区域科技创新共同体的建设提供了科学依据。

Based on the input-output perspective,this paper constructs an input-output evalua-tion index system of technological innovation efficiency and integrates the super-efficient SBM model combined with Malmquist index,coefficient of variation and spatial Gini coefficient,Mo-ran index,fixed effect panel model and other analytical methods to deeply explore the spatial variation of technological innovation efficiency and the influencing factors of 41 prefecture-level and above cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2007-2017.The results show that ①the innovation efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta and the three provinces and one city show an overall trend of growth,and technological progress has a great role in promoting the improve-ment of urban innovation efficiency;②the degree of spatial differentiation of technological in-novation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region has weakened,the spatial differences be-tween different cities have gradually decreased,and technological innovation activities have tended to be balanced.However,the spatial auto-correlation is unstable,there are leaps in some areas,and there are positive or negative spatial spillover effects.③The number of students per million higher education institutions,Internet usage,and total passenger transportation have sig-nificant positive effects on technological innovation efficiency,while the proportion of second-ary industry output to GDP has significant negative effects on technological innovation efficien-cy in the Yangtze River Delta.Through this study,the spatial distribution characteristics and in-fluencing factors of the technological innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region are explored,which provides a scientific basis for the construction of the Yangtze River Delta region-al science and technology innovation community.