俄属芬兰湾外岛的开发与保护经验

Development and protection of the outer islands in the Russian Gulf of Finland

基于对俄罗斯索莫斯岛景观类型的现状考察与数据收集,采用空间分析方法对其土地利用景观、人文景观和生态景观进行了分析.结果表明:土地利用景观类型主要由基岩、砾石、乔灌木、草地、建筑6种类型组成,其中建筑用地指第二次世界大战期间索莫斯岛作为分战场所遗留的大量军事遗址;人文景观按照在军事战争中发挥的功能分为防御攻击和后方储备两方面,从索莫斯岛军事遗址整体空间分布格局看,军事遗址空间布局呈现出明显的“核心—边缘”结构,并且在其主体部分形成了“两心、两环、四哨”的空间格局;生态景观方面,岛上已经初步形成各种类型的自然系统,但生境仍比较脆弱,主要的生态意义是东大西洋地区鸟类繁殖的栖息地和迁徙通道.目前,俄方主要采用面向科考的保护地发展模式作为对索莫斯岛的主要行动支撑,尝试探讨采用的行动策略包括开展科学考察活动、进行生态保护和积极开展国际合作.

Based on the current situation investigation and data collection of the ecological landscape types of Sommers Island of Russia,the land use landscape,human landscape and ecological landscape were analyzed by using spatial analysis methods.The results showed that the land use landscape types mainly consisted of six types:bedrock,gravel,trees and shrubs,grassland,and buildings,among which the built-up land referred to a large number of military ruins left behind on Sommers Island as a sub-battleground during the World War II;The human landscape is divided into two groups according to the military functions of defense and attack.From the overall spatial distribution pattern of the military sites on Sommers Island,the spatial layout of the military sites shows an obvious“core-edge”structure.In the main part of the sites contains a spatial pattern of“two centers,two rings,and four outposts”.For the ecological landscape,various types of natural systems have been initially formed on the island,but the island s habitat system is still relatively fragile.From the point of ecological protection,the main ecological significance of the island is the bird habitats in the East Atlantic region.Currently,the Russia has dedicated the protected area to scientific research as Sommers Island s primary function exploring scientific research activities,ecological protection,and active international cooperation.