再制造二十年足迹及发展趋势

Twenty Years of Remanufacturing Footprint and Development Trends

再制造是我国战略性新兴产业,是促进循环经济建设和落实“双碳”目标的重要着力点。梳理汇总了对再制造有近百年探索的美国、全面推行绿色循环经济发展的欧洲、以及以日本韩国为代表的亚洲地区的再制造产业发展现状和对策战略。聚焦我国再制造二十余年发展历程,回顾了在再制造政策和产业方面取得的成果,对比了欧洲、美国以再制造市场需求为主导的再制造模式以及我国以政策为牵引,以重点领域和重点企业为支点,以高质量发展为目标的再制造产业发展路线。介绍了拆卸与清洗、损伤检测与寿命评估和以喷涂、熔覆、电刷镀为代表的成形修复和强化关键共性技术的研究进展。结合“十四五”阶段推进制造业高端化智能化改革、深化发展方式绿色转型等重点任务,分析了再制造的热点应用领域和技术发展趋势,提出通过再制造与数字化、信息化和智能化技术深度融合的发展模式以加速建设智能化再制造体系,加强对盾构机、航天航空设备等高端装备领域的再制造突破,挖掘以风能发电设备、电动汽车关键零部件代表的新能源领域再制造潜力三大发展策略,为未来再制造研究和政策制定提供参考和借鉴。

Remanufacturing is a strategic emerging industry in China and an important focus for promoting the construction of a circular economy and achieving the"dual-carbon"goals.Taking an international perspective,this article reviews and summarizes the development status and strategies of the remanufacturing industry in the United States,which has been exploring remanufacturing for a hundred years,Europe,which has comprehensively implemented green circular economic development,and Asian regions represented by Japan and South Korea.It also focuses on the development process of China's remanufacturing industry over the past twenty years,reviews the achievements made in remanufacturing policies and industries,and compares the market-oriented remanufacturing models led by Europe and the United States of America with China's remanufacturing industry development route,which is driven by policies,focusing on key sectors and key enterprises,and aiming for high-quality development.The article also highlights the research progress of key technologies in remanufacturing such as non-destructive disassembly,laser cleaning,non-destructive testing,life assessment of cores and remanufactured parts,as well as restoring technologies such as spray coating,cladding,and electroplating.Combining with the key tasks of promoting the high-end and intelligent transformation of the manufacturing industry and deepening the green transformation of development modes in the“14th Five-Year Plan”period,this article analyzes the hot application areas and technological development trends of remanufacturing and proposes the development strategy of accelerating the construction of intelligent remanufacturing system through integration of remanufacturing with digital,information,and intelligent technologies.It also emphasizes the need to strengthen breakthroughs in the remanufacturing of high-end equipment in fields such as tunneling shield and aerospace equipment,and explores the development strategies of remanufacturing potential in new energy fields,represented by wind power generation equipment and key components of electric vehicles.These strategies provide references and benchmarks for future remanufacturing research and policy formulation.