发展中国家的数字发展权:跨境数据流动治理规则何去何从

Digital Development Rights in Developing Countries:Where the Governance Rules for Cross-Border Data Flows

发展中国家的数字发展权以发展中国家建立国际经济新秩序、平等参与数字全球化进程为基点,以数字社会中人的全面发展为目的。跨境数据流动与发展中国家数字发展权的实现存在着较为复杂的关系。目前,发展中国家通过对数据主权捍卫的单边监管与对数据跨境流动合作的多边监管来维护现有数字利益。然而,发展中国家在实现数字发展权的过程中,面临着国家数字发展权与个人和企业数字发展权之间的内部冲突;以及发达国家对发展中国家数据主权干涉、发达国家主导规则挤压发展中国家政策空间与发展中国家国内规则与国际规则相冲突的外部矛盾。本文认为,在数字贸易平台中协调好开放与安全的平衡是发展中国家实现数字发展权的最优解。WTO数字贸易规则设置本身应反映发展中国家在跨境数据流动方面的根本诉求。与此同时,基于数字大国与发展中国家的双重身份,中国应积极推动发展中国家的数字发展权的实现。

The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process,with the goal of achieving people's well-rounded development in the digital society.The relationship between cross-border data flows and the realization of digital development rights in developing countries is quite complex.Currently,developing countries seek to safeguard their existing digital interests through unilateral regulation to protect data sovereignty and multilateral regulation for cross-border data cooperation.However,developing countries still have to face internal conflicts between national digital development rights and individual and corporate digital development rights during the process of realizing digital development rights.They also encounter external contradictions such as developed countries interfering with developing countries'data sovereignty,developed countries squeezing the policy space of developing countries through dominant rules,and developing countries having conflicts between domestic and international rules.This article argues that balancing openness and security on digital trade platforms is the optimal solution for developing countries to realize their digital development rights.The establishment of WTO digital trade rules should inherently reflect the fundamental demands of developing countries in cross-border data flows.At the same time,given China's dual role as a digital powerhouse and a developing country,it should actively promote the realization of digital development rights in developing countries.