河南省安阳市空气质量健康指数构建——基于空气污染对人群死亡影响

Construction of air quality health index of Anyang,Henan:Based on the impact of air pollution on mortality

目的 构建安阳市空气质量健康指数(air quality health index,AQHI),与当前空气质量指数(air quality index,AQI)对比,评价其提示健康风险能力。方法 建立2016-2020年安阳市大气污染、气象与死因监测数据时间序列数据库,利用主成分分析提取污染物主成分后纳入广义相加模型(GAM)获得暴露-反应关系系数,并进一步计算AQHI,并与AQI对比。结果 2016-2020年安阳市大气污染物CO、NO_(2)、O_(3)、SO_(2)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的年均浓度分别为1 593.44、42.93、107.36、25.54、127.74、74.70μg/m^(3)。累积滞后1 d主成分浓度对总人群、男性人群死亡影响最大,累积滞后2 d主成分浓度对女性人群死亡影响最大(P<0.05)。总人群AQHI公式为AQHIt=(((exp(0.034×PC1lag01t)-1+exp(0.055×PC2lag01t)-1)×100)/78.066)×10。全人群AQHI每上升一个四分位间距(IQR),总死亡风险增加5.07%(95%CI:2.94%~7.24%)高于AQI的4.48%(95%CI:2.56%~6.44%)。结论 安阳AQHI可以更灵敏提示当地空气污染对人群健康影响风险,可为构建AQHI提供借鉴。

Objective To establish the air quality health index(AQHI)in Anyang,and compared its health risk prediction ability with the air quality index(AQI)currently in use.Methods The time series database including air pollution data,meteorological data and death-cause surveillance data in Anyang city from 2016 to 2020 were established.After the principal components of pollution were extracted,the exposure-response index was estimated with generalized additive model(GAM),and then AQHI was calculated.The AQHI was compared with AQI.Results From 2016 to 2020,the annual average concentration of air pollutants in Anyang was 1593.44,42.93,107.36,25.54,127.74 and 74.70μg/m^(3) for CO,NO_(2),O_(3),SO_(2),PMio and PM_(2.5),respectively.The formula for AQHI in the whole population was AQHI,=(exp(0.034xPC1lag01)-1+exp(0.055xPC2lag01)-1)x 100)/78.066)x10.With AQHI increasing by every interquartile range(IQR)in the whole population,the overall death risk increased by 5.07%(95%CI:2.94%-7.24%),which was higher than AQI(4.48%,95%CI:2.56%-6.44%).Conclusions AQHI in Anyang can be a more sensitive indicator of health risks brought by local air pollution and can also provide references for the construction of AQHI.