劳动力市场分割视角下职业教育吸引力研究:逻辑、困境及路径

Research on the Attractiveness of Vocational Education from the Perspective of Labor Market Segmentation:Logic,Predicament and Paths

近20年来,在我国政府高度重视职业教育发展的背景下,职业教育对公众的吸引力却不足。在理性人假设和成本—收益分析法的逻辑框架下,基于劳动力市场分割理论,职业教育吸引力困境的主要原因在于我国劳动力市场存在明显的行业、职业和体制分割;同时,就业竞争激烈、文凭贬值,大部分职校生进入次要劳动力市场上的行业、职业和工作单位就业,承受着劳动力市场“分割性损失”,导致职业教育的投资收益率偏低。增强职业教育吸引力的路径是:打破劳动力市场分割,减少劳动力市场“分割性损失”;增加职业教育投资,提升职业教育质量,提高职业教育投资收益;转变社会公众观念,理性看待职业教育投资回报;落实新修订的《职业教育法》,推进普职深度融合。

In the last 20 years,the government has attached greater importance to the development of vocational education,while the public still in great lacks willingness to accept vocational education.Based on the logical framework of the rational man hypothesis and cost-benefit analysis,and from the perspective of the labor market segmentation theory,the main reason for the attractiveness predicament of vocational education lies in the obvious industry,occupation and system segmentation of China’s labor market.At the same time,due to the fierce employment competition and diploma depreciation,most higher vocational college students enter the industries,occupations and work units in the secondary labor market and bear the“segmentation loss”of the labor market segmentation,resulting in a low rate of return to vocational education investment.The countermeasures to strengthen the attractiveness of vocational education are as follows:breaking the segmentation of the labor market to reduce“segmentation loss”;increasing investment in vocational education,improving the quality of vocational education and the rate of return to investment in vocational education;the public should take a comprehensive and rational view of the return to investment in vocational education;implementing the newly revised Vocational Education Law,and vocational education,and promoting the unification of general and vocational education.