选择性与统一性:高考科目改革再审视

Selectivity and Unity:Re-examination of the Subject Reform of College Entrance Examination

新一轮高考综合改革自2014年正式启动以来,在科目设置上经历了从增强选择性到收紧选择性的发展轨迹。选择性与统一性是高考科目改革的内在矛盾,不应过度推崇选择性、过度批判统一性。当前新高考增强科目选择性引发的大学理工类人才培养困境表明,物理、化学理应成为理工类招生专业的统一考试科目。生物纳入理工类招生专业统一考试科目为一种“不坏”的制度设计。学考科目纳入高校招生评价,具有了类似高考的选拔属性。传统高考文理分科模式,最根本的优势在于保障理科生的物理、化学、生物素养,此为其根本合理性与合法性所在。

Since the new round of comprehensive reform of college entrance examination was officially launched in 2014,the subject setting has experienced a development trajectory from enhancing selectivity to tightening selectivity.Selectivity and unity are an inherent contradiction in the reform of subjects of college entrance examination.The two have advantages and disadvantages,so we should not excessively praise selectivity and criticize unity.The current dilemma in the cultivation of science and engineering talents caused by the enhanced subject selection of the new college entrance examination indicates that physics and chemistry should be regarded as the unified examination subjects for science and engineering admissions.It is a"not bad"system design that biology is integrated into the unified examination subjects of science and technology.The subjects of high school academic level examination are included in the college admission evaluation and have the same selection attributes as the subjects of the college entrance examination.The fundamental advantage of the traditional college entrance examination pattern of arts and sciences is to ensure the physical,chemical,and biological literacy of science students,which is the fundamental rationality and legitimacy.