义务教育基本均衡发展的中国成就与优质均衡发展的中国方案

China’s Achievements of Basic Balance Development in Compulsory Education and China’s Plans for High Quality Balance Development

义务教育均衡发展战略实施以来,我国“两基”人口得到全覆盖,学校标准化建设水平日趋完善,生均公用经费城乡差距不断缩小,师资均衡配置水平显著提升,基本均衡发展取得了诸多伟大成就。伴随着义务教育均衡发展战略由“基本均衡”转向“优质均衡”,我国仍面临涵养义务教育质量文化生态、精致化城乡教育资源积极差异配置、农村学校优质师资可达性以及农村学校信息化赋能教育等方面的多重挑战。为更好应对现实挑战,我国必须积极探索符合中国国情的义务教育优质均衡发展方案。要推进认知更新,涵养质量导向的教育生态;要体现积极差异,实施尊重多维特征的教育资源配置政策;要打通优质均衡发展的“最后一公里”,构建“三个课堂”融入性应用模式;要坚持全员关注,建立增值教育评价的倒逼机制。

Since the implementation of the strategy of balanced development of compulsory education,China has achieved full coverage of the“Two Basics”population;the level of standardization construction of schools has become increasingly perfect;the gap between urban and rural investment in education funds has been narrowing;the level of balanced allocation of teachers has been significantly improved.The basic balanced development has obtained many great achievements.As the balanced development strategy of compulsory education shifts from“basic balance”to“high quality balance”,China still faces challenges of conserving the quality of compulsory education and cultural ecology,perfecting the positive differential allocation of urban and rural education resources,the accessibility of high-quality teachers in rural schools and the information enabling education in rural schools.In order to better meet challenges,China must actively explore a high-quality and balanced development plan for compulsory education in line with China’s national conditions.It is necessary to promote cognitive renewal and cultivate a quality-oriented education ecology.Policies for the allocation of educational resources respecting multi-dimensional characteristics should be established under the guidance of positive differences.It is necessary to open the last mile of high quality balanced development and establish the integrated application model of“Three Classes”.We should pay attention to all staff and establish the value-added education evaluation mechanism.