直升飞机不同飞行方案对黄帚橐吾防治效果的影响

Effects of Different Flight Schemes on the Control Efficiency of Ligularia Virgaurea in the Helicopter Control

采用直升飞机进行施药防治毒害草黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea),能有效解决传统防治方法中的成本高、周期长、防治不彻底等问题。本研究运用AS-350 B3e型直升机,选取防治黄帚橐吾的专用药剂“清橐1号”,通过组合不同的飞行高度(3、5、8 m)与飞行速度(90、100、110、120 km·h^(-1)),于晴朗天气进行直升飞机施药,随后采用水敏试纸法和样方调查法对样地内的雾滴分布密度和黄帚橐吾防治效果进行测定。研究发现,在同一高度下,随着飞行速度的提高,雾滴密度逐渐增大,而随着飞行高度的上升,雾滴密度呈现下降趋势;雾滴密度与防治效果之间呈显著对数相关;在相同高度下,当飞行速度为100 km·h^(-1)或110 km·h^(-1)时,防治效果均在83%以上,其中,当飞行高度为3 m或5 m时,防治效果维持在相对较高的水平。结果表明,当飞行高度为3~5 m、飞行速度为100~110 km·h^(-1)时,防治效果最佳。本研究结果为直升飞机防治草原有害生物以及黄帚橐吾型退化草地的综合治理提供了基础数据和技术支持。

There were many problems such as high cost,long period or incomplete control in the traditional methods of Ligularia virgaurea prevention and control.Helicopter control could solve the above problems effective-ly.This study utilized AS-350 B3e helicopter and selected“Qingtuo Number 1”which was specialized in L.vir-gaurea prevention and control using the helicopter.By combining different flying heights(3,5,8 m)and speeds(90,100,110,120 km·h^(-1)),the herbicide was sprayed at a sunny day.After that,we detected the density of fogdrop and percentage of L.virgaurea control with the water sensitive test paper and quadrat survey,as to deter-mine the best flying mode for controlling L.virgaurea.The results showed:At the same height,fogdrop density in-creased with the increasing of flying speed.With the rising of flying height,fogdrop density had a trend of decrea-sing.There was a significantly logarithmic correlation between fogdrop density and control percentage.At the same height,percentage of L.virgaurea control were over 83%when the speeds were 100 or 110 km·h^(-1).In compari-son,the percentage of L.virgaurea control had been maintained at higher level at the height of 3 or 5 m.Therefore,when L.virgaurea were controlled by helicopter,the control percentage were highest at 3 or 5 m flying height and with 100 or 110 km·h^(-1)flying speed.The results of this study could provide basic data or technology support to the control of grassland pest with helicopter and the restoration of L.virgaurea-dominated degraded grasslands.