4个光身水稻两用核不育系及其所配组合稻米品质研究

Studies on Grain Quality of Four Glabrous Dual Purpose Male Sterile Lines and Their HybridCombinations in Rice

光身稻是重要的种质资源,具有光身、抗倒、米质优等特点。对非光身稻Y58S和以其为亲本选育的4个光身两用核不育系的碾米品质、外观品质和蒸煮品质进行分析与评价,同时以上述5个不育系为母本,与6个恢复系按不完全双列杂交试验设计配制成30个杂交组合,分析它们作一季晚稻和双季晚稻种植的稻米品质性状。结果表明,4个光身不育系中,8CS963和X8S010稻米品质达到部标3级。综合两季稻米品质结果发现,由于4个光身不育系的长宽比显著高于Y58S,其所配多数组合的长宽比高于对照组;除组合X8S010/R028、X8S010/X9H003、8CS963/X9H003和7CS102/X9H003的整精米率显著高于对照外,其余组合的整精米率不优于对照;光身不育系X6S1791所配组合的直链淀粉含量在两季中均显著高于其他组合。供试组合作一季晚稻种植时,X8S010/X9H005和Y58S/H070米质达部标3级;作双季晚稻种植时,组合Y58S/H070米质达部标2级,X8S010/X9H003和7CS102/X9H001等8个组合的米质达部标3级,其他组合主要是由于碱消值偏低,没有达到优质稻标准。光身稻组合的垩白粒率和垩白度在两季间的平均变化值均小于非光身稻组合,而碱消值则相反,说明光身稻组合的垩白粒率和垩白度受温度的影响要小于非光身稻组合,而碱消值受温度的影响要大于非光身稻组合。

Glabrous rice is an important germplasm resource with the characteristics of glabrousness,lodging resistance and good grain quality.The milling quality,appearance quality and cooking quality of the non-glabrous dual purpose male sterile line Y58S and four glabrous dual purpose male sterile lines derived from Y58S were analyzed and evaluated.Meanwhile,30 hybrid combinations were made from the above mentioned five male sterile lines as the female parent and six restorer lines according to the incomplete diallel cross design,and their grain quality traits were analyzed when they were planted as single-cropping late rice and double-cropping late rice,respectively.The results showed that the grain quality of 8CS963 and X8S010 reached the Ministry's standard of Grade 3.The combined results of two cropping seasons in grain quality revealed that,since the ratio of length to width of four glabrous sterile lines was significantly higher than that of Y58S(the control),most of their hybrid combinations had a higher ratio of length to width than the control group.Except for the hybrid combinations of X8S010/R028,X8S010/X9H003,8CS963/X9H003 and 7CS102/X9H003,which had a significantly higher head rice rate than that of the control group,the head rice rate of the other combinations was not better than that of the control group.The amylose content of the combinations of the glabrous sterile line X6S1791 was significantly higher than that of the other combinations in both cropping seasons.X8S010/X9H005 and Y58S/H070 reached the the Ministry's standard of Grade 3 when planted as single-cropping late rice.Y58S/H070 reached the Ministry's standard of Grade 2,and eight combinations including X8S010/X9H003 and 7CS102/X9H001 reached the Ministry's standard of Grade 3 when planted as double-cropping late rice.The other combinations failed to reach the quality standard mainly due to low alkali spreading value.The average variation values of chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of the glabrous hybrid rice combinations between two cropping seasons were smaller than those of non-glabrous hybrid rice combinations,but the alkali spreading value was opposite,indicating that the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of glabrous hybrid rice combinations were less affected by temperature,but the alkali spreading value was more affected by temperature than that of non-glabrous hybrid rice combinations.