2013—2022年国家统一试验审定籼稻品种特点分析

Analysis on Characteristics of Indica Rice Varieties Approved by the National Unified Testfrom 2013 to 2022

根据2013—2022年国家统一试验审定的籼稻品种资料,分析了不同生态区域审定品种的数量、优质率、品种类型、每穗实粒数、有效穗数、千粒重、产量、增产比率、株高和稻瘟病抗性综合指数等。结果表明,国家统一试验10 a共计审定了425个品种,长江中下游中籼品种审定最多,其次为长江上游中籼品种;各个生态区审定品种优质化程度存在差异;长江上游审定品种以三系杂交水稻为主,两系次之,品种表现出有效穗数少、千粒重大、穗粒数多等特点;长江中下游中籼审定品种以两系为主,三系次之,品种表现出千粒重中等、穗粒数多、分蘖力中等等特点;长江中下游晚籼和早籼审定品种表现出穗小、有效穗数多等特点;长江上游中籼和中下游中籼和晚籼产量较高,长江中下游早籼、华南早籼和感光晚籼产量较低。武陵山区中籼稻瘟病抗性综合指数较低。通过对审定品种综合性状进行分析,为选育适宜各个生态区的水稻品种提供参考。

Based on the data of indica rice varieties approved by the national unified test from 2013 to 2022,the number,high quality rate,variety type,filled grain number per panicle,effective panicles,1000-grain weight,yield,yield increase ratio,plant height and blast resistance comprehensive index of the approved varieties in different ecological regions were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 425 varieties were tested and approved in the national unified test in ten years,of which the medium indica varieties of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were the most approved varieties,followed by the medium indica varieties of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.There were differences in high quality rate of approved varieties in each ecological region.The varieties approved in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were mainly three-line hybrid rice,followed by two-line hybrid rice,with the characteristics of less effective panicles but heavier grains and more spikelets per panicle.The varieties approved in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were mainly two-line hybrid rice,followed by three-line hybrid rice,with the characteristics of medium grain weight and tillering ability but large number of spikelets per panicle.The late indica and early indica varieties approved in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River showed small panicle but large number of effective panicles.The yield of medium indica varieties of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and medium and late indica varieties in the upper and middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was higher,while the yield of early indica varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,early indica varieties and photoperiod-sensitive late indica varieties in South China was lower.The blast resistance comprehensive index of indica varieties in Wuling mountain area was low.Through the analysis of the comprehensive characteristics of the approved varieties,it provides a reference for the breeding of rice varieties suitable for each ecological area.