杂交水稻不同栽培方式的产量形成及经济效益分析

Analysis of Yield Formation and Economic Benefit of Different Cultivation Methods in Hybrid Rice

以紫两优737、野香优699和野香优676等3个杂交水稻品种为试验材料,设置免耕直播、翻耕直播和人工插秧(CK)3种不同栽培方式,比较研究其生育期、产量及其构成因素的差异,测算生产成本及经济效益,以期找到适宜的栽培方式。结果表明,与人工插秧相比,直播栽培的生育期缩短7~10 d,株高下降7.1%~16.3%,有效穗数增加53.2%~77.8%,每穗总粒数减少27.3%~34.0%,产量显著下降2.6%~8.8%,穗长、结实率和千粒重等性状无显著差异,免耕直播和翻耕直播在农艺性状和产量性状上的差异不显著;免耕直播的收益最高(10872.0~28770.0元/hm^(2)),翻耕直播的收益排第2位(9064.0~26700.0元/hm^(2)),人工插秧的收益最低(7580.0~25410.0元/hm^(2)),免耕直播和翻耕直播的纯收入分别比人工插秧高13.2%~61.4%和5.1%~30.8%。综合比较3种栽培方式,免耕直播的经济效益最高。

To find the suitable cultivation methods for hybrid rice,three varieties including Ziliangyou 737,Yexiangyou 699 and Yexiangyou 676 were used as experimental materials,and three different cultivation methods including no tillage direct seeding,tillage direct seeding and manual transplanting(CK)were carried out.The differences in growth period,and yield and its components were compared,and the production cost and economic benefits were calculated.The results showed that compared with manual transplanting,the growth period of direct seeding was shortened by 7~10 days,the plant height was decreased by 7.1%~16.3%,the number of effective panicles was increased by 53.2%~77.8%,the total spikelets per panicle was decreased by 27.3%~34.0%,and the yield of direct seeding cultivation was significantly decreased by 2.6%~8.8%.There was no significant difference in panicle length,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight between direct seeding and manual transplanting.There was no significant difference in agronomic and yield characters between no tillage direct seeding and tillage direct seeding.No tillage direct seeding had the highest net income with 10872.0~28770.0 Yuan/hm^(2),followed by tillage direct seeding with 9064.0~26700.0 Yuan/hm^(2),and manual transplanting had the lowest net income with 7580.0~25410.0 Yuan/hm^(2).The net income of no tillage direct seeding and tillage direct seeding was increased by 13.2%~61.4%and 5.1%~30.8%,respectively,as compared with manual transplanting.Based on the comprehensive comparison of the three cultivation methods,no tillage direct seeding had the best economic benefit.