认知心理视角的宏观结构及其对学术英语阅读的启示

On Macrostructure in Academic English Reading From aCognitive-Psychological Perspective

学术型阅读是对语篇文字进行信息加工和知识提炼的复杂过程,其中,作为语篇高层语义结构和整体连贯加工机制的宏观结构,在阅读的加工过程和理解结果中起着重要作用。研究表明,成功的阅读理解,其本质是结合自动化加工和策略性加工,将语篇中的信息和相关知识进行整合,在记忆中建构起连贯的、层级性的心理表征;这一认知加工过程既与读者自身的注意力资源、背景知识和阅读策略等内在因素相关,同时又受到阅读材料本体特征的影响。从阅读的认知心理视角出发,提高对宏观结构及其建构过程和影响因素的认识,能够为学术英语阅读教学提供重要的启示和参考。

Academic reading is a complex process of textual information processing and knowledge extraction.Macrostructure,as the higher-level semantic structure of text and a cognitive mechanism of achieving global coherence,plays an important role in both the process and final representation of reading comprehension.It has been commonly accepted in theoretical models of text reading that successful reading comprehension is essentially an integration of automatic processing and strategic processing as well as prior knowledge and textual information in an attempt to construct a coherent and hierarchical mental representation in memory.This cognitive process is not only related to the reader’s characteristics such as memory resources,background knowledge and reading strategy usage,but is also influenced by text factors such as the structure or cohesiveness of the reading material.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of macrostructure,its construction and influencing factors from a cognitive-psychological perspective can shed light on the teaching and learning of academic English reading in the EFL context.