最低工资如何影响制造业劳动力成本?——基于面板数据分位数处理效应模型的分析

How Does The Minimum Wage Affect The Manufacturing Labor Cost?--Analysis Based on The Panel Data Quantile Treatment Effect Model

本文控制地区和时间的变化,研究2011-2013年中部六省各地市最低工资标准上调对企业劳动力成本的异质性影响。利用2011-2013年中国微观数据库中中部六省制造业企业数据进行分析,结果显示:最低工资标准每提升1%,制造业企业劳动力将整体平均上涨0.039%,其中,劳动密集型企业上涨0.107%,而资本密集型企业劳动力成本将平均下降0.055%。借助2011-2013年安徽省和江西省最低工资上涨的“准自然实验”证实了最低工资标准提升对劳动力成本的影响主要集中在低工资水平的企业的结论。对工资水平较高的劳动密集型企业存在溢出效应,但对资本密集型企业有降低劳动力成本的效应。并且最低工资政策对于不同行业性质的企业影响具有异质性。相关部门在调整最低工资标准时应将最低工资的分位水平考虑在内,实行行业差异性最低工资水平,并且需要考虑企业的成本创新效应。

Based on the control of regional and time changes,this paper uses the exogenous differences in minimum wage standards over time in six provinces in central China from 2011 to 2013 to identify the heterogeneous impact of minimum wage increases on enterprise labor costs.Using the data of manufacturing enterprises in six central provinces of China's micro-database from 2011 to 2013,the results show that for every 1%increase in the minimum wage,the labor force of manufacturing enterprises will rise by 0.039%as a whole.The labor cost of capital-intensive enterprises will fall by 0.055%.With the help of the"quasi-natural experiment"of the minimum wage increase in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces from 2011 to 2013,it was confirmed that the impact of the increase in minimum wage standards on labor costs is mainly concentrated in enterprises with low wage levels.There are spillover effects for labor-intensive enterprises with higher wages,but they have the effect of reducing labor costs for capital-intensive enterprises.There is also heterogeneity in the impact of the rise in the minimum wage standard of enterprises of different industry types.When formulating the minimum wage standard,the government should take into account the quantile level of the minimum wage,implement industry-specific minimum wage levels,and need to consider the cost innovation effect of enterprises.