“深度伪造”侵犯肖像权问题研究

Research on the Infringement of the Right to Portrait in Deepfake Technology

我国《民法典》第1019条从肖像权保护的角度对“深度伪造”技术进行了规制,将“深度伪造”法定化为不同于“丑化”“污损”的肖像侵权类型,原因在于“深度伪造”侵犯肖像权侵权客体复杂,归责主体特殊,且侵权构成要件有别于一般肖像侵权行为。然而,《民法典》第1019条对“深度伪造”技术的规制也存在局限,应当完善第1019条,使其作为法律规制的核心,并且在第1019条的框架下鼓励行业自治,构建多方主体共同参与治理“深度伪造”技术的格局。

From the perspective of protecting the right to portrait,Article 1019 of China's Civil Code regulates the technology of"deepfakes"and establishes it as a distinct type of infringement on portraits separate from"defamation"or"disgrace",This is because deepfake technology involves complex violations of portrait rights,with unique attributions and different constitutive elements compared to general cases of portrait infringement.However,there are limitations in the regulation of deepfake technology under Article 1o19 of the Civil Code.It should be improved to serve as the core legal regulation and encourage industry self-governance within its framework.A multi-stakeholder approach should be adopted to collectively address the governance of deepfake technology.