大规模食品安全损害法律救济的实践审思与体系重塑——基于公私协力的进路

Reconsideration and Reconstruct of Legal Remedies for Mass Food Safety Harm:A Public-Private Partnership Approach

大规模食品安全损害源于人为因素或非人为因素与社会风险的耦合,具有因果关系复杂性和损害后果规模性的特征,既有司法救济在诉讼和执行阶段面临多重障碍,行政救济在实践中无法有效运作也不能充分救济受害人。公私协力救济语境下,公共部门可与私营主体合作来实现救济,相对行政救济更具优势,可替代之,并与司法救济形成协同,更好地应对大规模食品安全损害。公私协力救济在机制层面应落实为国家担保下的补偿基金,其运作可通过预先授权的行政协议加以实现,同时应通过专门立法方式创设公私协力救济的授权规范及运行规范,并修正相关立法使之与既有司法救济相互衔接。

Mass food safety harm arises from the coupling of both human and non-human factors with social risks,characterized by the complexity of causal relationships and the scale of resulting damages.Judicial remedies face multiple obstacles during the litigation and enforcement stages,while administrative remedies often prove ineffective and fail to provide adequate relief to victims in practice.Under the framework of public-private partnership remedies,the public sector can collaborate with private entities to provide relief,offering advantages over administrative remedies and the potential to complement judicial remedies,thereby better addressing mass food safety harm.At the institutional level,public-private partnership remedies should be implemented as a compensation fund under national guarantee,which can be operationalized through pre-authorized administrative agreements.Additionally,specific legislation should be enacted to establish authorization norms and operational regulations for public-private partnership remedies,while amending relevant laws to ensure their compatibility with existing judicial remedies.