间充质干细胞及其外泌体治疗自身免疫性肝炎的研究进展

Research advances in mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in treatment of autoimmune hepatitis

自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)是由自身免疫系统攻击肝细胞所致的慢性肝炎,其慢性进展可能会导致肝硬化甚至肝细胞癌的发生。目前,针对AIH的治疗主要包括药物治疗和肝移植,但均存在着各自的局限性,这使得患者的临床获益有限。因此,寻找新的治疗药物和方法成为了当前亟待解决的关键问题。近年来研究表明,间充质干细胞及其外泌体可通过抑制炎症反应、增强肝细胞的再生、调节免疫系统等方式改善AIH患者的症状,在AIH治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。本文通过回顾已有文献,对间充质干细胞及其外泌体治疗AIH的机制和应用进展进行综述,以期为AIH的临床治疗提供新的思路。

Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a type of chronic hepatitis caused by the autoimmune system attacking hepatocytes,and its chronic progression may lead to liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma.Currently,pharmacotherapy and liver transplantation are the main treatment methods for AIH,but both methods have their own limitations,which limits the clinical benefits of patients.Therefore,it is a critical issue to search for new therapeutic agents and methods.Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)and their exosomes can improve the symptoms of patients with AIH by suppressing inflammatory response,enhancing the regeneration of hepatocytes,and regulating the immune system and thus have wide application prospects in the treatment of AIH.By summarizing related articles,this article reviews the possible mechanisms and application of MSC and their exosomes in the treatment of AIH,in order to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of AIH.