葡萄渣对肉牛生产性能及肉品质的影响

Effect of Grape Pomace on Production Performance and Meat Quality of Beef Cattle

为探讨葡萄渣对肉牛生产性能及肉品质的影响,用葡萄渣青贮替代全株玉米青贮,分析肉牛生长发育、屠宰性能、肉品质的变化。试验选择安格斯、西门塔尔牛各30头,平均体重为(283.00±2.47)kg,分为试验A、B组和对照组,试验组饲喂葡萄渣青贮日粮、对照组饲喂全株玉米青贮日粮。结果显示:试验组肉牛全期增重高于对照组16~36 kg,平均日增重比对照组高40~150 g;屠宰后,试验组肉牛胴体重分别比对照组高67 kg(P<0.01)、38 kg(P<0.05),屠宰率、净肉率均分别比对照组高7个百分点和6个百分点(P<0.05),屠宰率高达65%左右,净肉率达到58%左右;试验组牛肉中脂肪和蛋白质含量均高于对照组,剪切力低于对照组(P<0.05);多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)主要以亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸为主,其中试验组PUFA中亚油酸、α-亚麻酸含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且牛肉中n-6/n-3 PUFA比例在10∶1左右,均低于对照组。综上,当以葡萄渣青贮作为主要粗饲料来源时,可以提高肉牛的生长性能、肉牛屠宰后胴体重、屠宰率和净肉率,能明显增加牛肉中脂肪酸组成的种类,提高主要脂肪酸的含量,改善n-6/n-3 PUFA比例,在一定程度上改善了牛肉品质。

In order to investigate the effects of grape pomace on production performance and meat quality of beef cattle,the whole corn silage was replaced by grape pomace silage,and to anal⁃yse the changes of growth and development,slaughter performance and meat quality of beef cattle.The main beef cattle breeds Angus and Simmental cattle with 30 heads each were selected and divided into test group A,group B and control group,the average body weight is(283.00±2.47)kg,and the test group is fed grape pomace silage diet and control is fed whole plant corn silage diet.The result showed that compared with the control group,test groups of the weight gain over the trial period were higher than control group 16-36 kg,and average daily gain were higher 40-150 g;slaughter at the age of 20-month-old,the carcass weight of test group A and B were higher than control group 67 kg(P<0.01),38 kg(P<0.05),respectively;the dressing percentage and net meat percentage were seven percent⁃age points and six percentage points higher than the control group,respectively(P<0.05),the highest slaughter percentage and net meat percentage were about 65%and 58%,respectively;the fat and protein contents of beef in test groups were higher than those in control group,and the shear force was lower than that in control group(P<0.05);the polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)was mainly composed of lin⁃oleic acid,α-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid.The contents of linoleic acid andα-linolenic acid in experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05),and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in beef was about 10∶1,which was lower than that in control group.In summary when grape residue silage was used as the main roughage source,it could improve the growth performance,carcass weight,slaughter percentage and net meat percentage of beef cattle after slaughter,increase the types of fatty acids and the content of main fatty acids,improve the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA,and improve the beef quality to a certain extent.