基于算法的民主治理拓展及其限度

Expansion and Limitations of Algorithm-based Democratic Governance

进入人工智能时代,算法构成了民主治理实践变革的新型推动力,产生了积极拓展和消极限度的双刃剑效应。民主治理的主体、机制和价值等三重维度在算法驱动下正发生转型,即由利益共同体转向数据集合体、由公共决策转向机器决策以及由多元价值平衡转向单向价值适配。一方面,算法对民主治理的三重维度形成了拓展,能够监控主体行为,化解合作难题,提高决策的效率、科学性和前瞻性,并提升价值服务的个性化与情境化;另一方面,算法对民主治理的三重维度也产生了限度,包括主体监管、问责和隐私困境,削弱主体间联系,产生决策暗箱与失误,加剧“信息茧房”和极化风险,甚至能复刻不平等。基于算法的民主治理拓展及其限度,为正确认识算法和民主治理的关系、积极利用技术优势并且有效规避其弊端提供了学理借鉴。

In the era of artificial intelligence,algorithms constitute a new driving force for the reform of democratic governance practice,resulting in a double-edged sword effect of positive expansion and negative limits.Driven by the algorithm,the three dimensions of democratic governance,namely,subject,mechanism and value,are undergoing transformation,from interest community to data aggregation,from public decision-making to machine decision-making and from multi-value balance to one-way value adaptation.On the one hand,the algorithm expands the three dimensions of democratic governance,which can monitor the behavior of the subject,resolve the cooperation problems,enhance the efficiency,scientificity and foresight of decision-making,and enhance the personalization and contextualization of value services.On the other hand,the algorithm also limits the three dimensions of democratic governance,including the dilemma of subject supervision,accountability and privacy,weakening the relationship between subjects,resulting in black boxes and mistakes in decision-making,aggravating the risk of information cocoon and polarization,and even reproducing inequality.The expansion and limitations of democratic governance based on algorithm provide academic reference for correctly understanding the relationship between algorithm and democratic governance,actively utilizing technological advantages and effectively avoiding its disadvantages.