我国部分地区不同哺乳期母乳中脂肪酸含量的分析

Analysis of Fatty Acids Content in Human Milk during Different Lactational Periods in Some Regions in China

分析我国6个城市3个哺乳期的母乳中脂肪酸的组成和含量,探究哺乳期和地理位置对母乳脂肪酸含量的影响。从包头(n=41)、北京(n=40)、济南(n=20)、昆明(n=33)、深圳(n=21)和西宁(n=49)6个城市共收集204例母乳,其中初乳28例,1月龄乳67例,4月龄乳109例。以C11∶0为内标,采用气相色谱分析母乳中脂肪酸的含量,结果显示:成熟乳中脂肪含量显著高于初乳(P<0.05),济南地区母乳中脂肪含量最高(~5 g/100 mL),昆明和深圳地区最低(<3.0 g/100 mL)。哺乳期间C16∶0的含量较稳定,约为192 mg/g脂肪;初乳富含长链不饱和脂肪酸,初乳中C18∶2 n-6c和C18∶3 n-3的含量显著低于成熟乳(P<0.05)。不同地区的母乳中脂肪酸含量有一定的差异,其中亚油酸/亚麻酸的比值差异很大。进一步比较了本文的数据与其他国家母乳脂肪酸含量的差异。本研究为母乳脂肪酸的定量分析及母乳脂肪酸浓度的影响因素提供理论参考。

In this study,the fatty acid composition and content in human milk of different cities and lactational periods were analyzed.A total of 204 human milk samples were collected from Baotou(n=41),Beijing(n=40),Jinan(n=20),Kunming(n=33),Shenzhen(n=21)and Xining(n=49),including colostrum(n=28),one month postpartum(n=67),and four month postpartum(n=109).The content of fatty acids in human milk was analyzed by gas chromatography using C11∶0 as the internal standard.This study investigated the effects of lactational period and geographical location on fatty acids content of human milk in China.The results showed that the fat content in mature human milk was significantly higher than that in colostrum(P<0.05),the fat content in Jinan human milk was the highest(~5 g/100 m L),and the lowest were Kunming and Shenzhen(<3.0 g/100 m L).The content of C16∶0 during lactation was relatively stable at around 192 mg/g fat.The colostrum was rich in long-chain unsaturated fatty acids,and the content of C18∶2 n-6c and C18∶3 n-3 in colostrum was significantly lower than that in mature human milk(P<0.05).There were certain differences in the fatty acid content of human milk in different regions,and the ratio of linoleic acid/linolenic acid varies greatly.Further comparisons were made between the data in this paper and the fatty acid content of human milk in other countries.This study provided theoretical support for the quantitative analysis of human milk fatty acids as well as the influencing factors of human milk fatty acids concentration.