提高碳氧键加氢铜基催化剂稳定性的研究进展

Progress in improving the stability of Cu-based catalysts for C-O bondhydrogenation

碳氧键加氢反应是一类重要的加氢反应,应用广泛,包括CO、CO_(2)、酯类、羧酸、酸酐和糠醛等加氢制醇的反应。在反应过程中,催化剂的选择是决定反应程度及加氢产物分布的关键,对突破国外技术垄断和解决能源紧缺问题具有重要的意义。尤其是非贵金属铜基催化剂的研究,设计具有高活性、高选择性的铜基催化剂代替贵金属,具有学术研究价值和工业应用研究的借鉴意义。本文针对铜基催化剂的最大问题——高温下容易烧结和团聚的问题,综述了碳氧键加氢反应中铜基催化剂研究工作,介绍了避免催化剂失活、提高催化剂稳定性的方法,阐述了文献中通过添加不同助剂、载体效应和构造特殊催化剂结构来提高铜基催化剂的稳定性,总结归纳了影响铜基催化剂稳定性的因素:高比表面积和分散度,强金属之间相互作用,高浓度氧空位以增加缺陷位和吸附位点,以及限域作用限制金属迁移和聚集。

Hydrogenation of carbon-oxygen bonds to produce alcohol is a significant hydrogenation reaction with wide applications,such as the hydrogenation of CO,CO_(2),esters,carboxylic acids,anhydrides,and furfural.In the reaction process,the catalyst is the key to determine the degree of reaction and the distribution of hydrogenation products.The development of copper-based catalysts with high activity and selectivity to replace precious metals has research value and reference significance for the industrial application.Based the most two serious problems of copper-based catalysts,i.e.facile sintering and agglomeration at high temperatures,the researches of copper-based catalysts in the carbon-oxygen bond hydrogenation reaction are reviewed.The methods to avoid catalyst inactivation and increase catalyst stability are introduced,and the stability enhancement of copper-based catalysts by adding different additives,support effects,and constructing special catalyst structures,are discussed.The factors influencing the catalyst stability such as high oxygen vacancy to promote defect and adsorption sites,and confinement to restrict metal migration and aggregation,are summarized.