多孔高硫聚合物的制备及其在汞吸附中的应用

Preparation of the porous high sulfur polymers and its application inmercury adsorption

随着人类社会工业的快速发展,汞排放对生态环境及人类健康带来了巨大的隐患。汞处理常用方法包括化学沉淀法、离子交换法、吸附法等方法。其中,化学沉淀法虽可以有效去除废水中大部分的汞,但硫化物用量难以控制,同时易引起水质硬化和二次污染;离子交换法处理的水质高、设备简单、汞吸收速度快且无二次污染,但因受交换剂种类、用量和成本等限制而尚未被广泛推广使用;吸附法通常不会向需处理的水体中引入新污染物,并且具有较高的汞去除率,同时易操作、选择性好,因此其相关技术的研究开发更具潜力。由逆硫化法制备的聚合物——硫系有机/无机聚合物(CHIPs)是一种新型高效的汞吸附剂,为解决汞污染提供了新思路。本文介绍了逆硫化法的基本原理,概括了利用致孔剂、二氧化碳发泡、静电纺丝、碳化等制备多孔CHIPs的不同方法,归纳了多孔CHIPs的汞吸附机理以及在汞吸附领域的应用研究进展,并展望了多孔CHIPs的发展前景,指出具有生物相容性和可降解性的多孔CHIPs将成为下一步研究重点,同时多孔CHIPs的毒性探究、在大气和土壤中的汞吸附应用也将成为重要的研究方向之一,从而为多孔CHIPs在汞吸附领域的应用拓宽新思路。

With the rapid development of human society and industry,mercury emissions have brought great hidden dangers to the ecological environment and human health.The common methods of mercury treatment include chemical precipitation,ion exchange,adsorption and so on.Among them,the chemical precipitation method can effectively remove most of the mercury in the wastewater,but the amount of sulfide is difficult to control,which is easy to cause water quality hardening and secondary pollution.The ion exchange method has the advantages of high quality water,simple equipment,fast mercury absorption and no secondary treatment.But it has not been widely used because of the limitation of the type,dosage and cost of exchangers.The adsorption method usually does not introduce new pollutants into the treated water,having high mercury removal rate,easy operation and good selectivity,and thus the research and development of related technologies has more potential.Polymers-Chalcogenide Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Polymers(CHIPs)prepared by inverse vulcanization method is a new type of high-efficiency mercury adsorbent,which provides a new idea for addressing mercury pollution.In this review,the basic principle of reverse vulcanization was introduced.The different methods of preparing porous CHIPs from the pore-forming agent,carbon dioxide foaming,electrospinning and carbonization were reviewed.Furthermore,the mercury adsorption mechanism of porous CHIPs and its application in the field of mercury adsorption were summarized.Finally,the development prospect of porous CHIPs was prospected.It was pointed out that the porous CHIPs with biocompatibility and degradability would be the focus of further research,while the toxicity of porous CHIPs and the application of mercury adsorption in atmosphere and soil would also become an important research direction,which broadened new ideas for the application of porous CHIPs in the field of mercury adsorption.