中学生对老年人态度:一项基于混合分析的研究

Middle School Students'Attitudes Towards Older People:A Study Based on Mixed Analysis

采用混合研究方法对中学生对老年人态度进行研究。在研究过程中,针对中学生对老年人态度同时但分别收集、分析量化分析与质性研究资料,获取不同但互补的资料相互确证,最后将两组资料结合起来对结果加以解释。一是量化分析。对C市A中学的198名高中二年级学生和B中学的19名初中一年级学生的问卷数据进行定量分析。通过卡方分析发现,目前未与老人一起居住的中学生以及与老人关系好的中学生显示出了今后对老年人有更强的照顾意愿,同时也对其他年龄人群显示出同等照顾意愿。通过相关分析和回归分析发现,中学生对老年人的认知和情感均与其对老年人的行为倾向有强相关关系。通过描述分析发现,中学生对老年人的态度存在两面性,但是对老年人的生理、行为和习惯的看法较为正向。二是质性研究方法。通过对C市C中学的80名高中二年级学生和D中学15名初中一年级学生的问卷调研数据进行质性分析发现,中学生对老年人的态度在很大程度上是正向的、积极的,并提出了很多应对老龄化社会的积极建议。启示:第一,加强传统文化教育,从情感上增强青少年与老年人的联系;第二,加大对老化及老龄化知识的普及力度,从认知上弱化青少年对老化、老龄化的负向恐惧感;第三,培育尊老助老的文化氛围,从行为倾向上鼓励青少年对老年人进行扶助。

A mixed research method was used to study the attitudes of middle school students towards older adults.During the research,quantitative analysis and qualitative data were collected and analyzed simultaneously but separately for middle school students'attitudes towards the elderly,different but complementary data were obtained to corroborate each other,and finally the results were interpreted by combining the two sets of data.First,quantitative analysis.The questionnaire data from 198 sophomores from Senior High School A and 19 freshmen from Junior High School B in City C were quantitatively analyzed.A chi-square test shows that middle school students who are not living with older people and those who have good relationships with the latter show stronger willingness to take care of older people in the future,as well as equal willingness to take care of other age groups.Correlation and regression analyses reveal that secondary school students'perceptions and emotions toward the elderly are both strongly correlated with their behavioral tendencies toward them.Through descriptive analysis,it is found that middle school students have dual attitudes towards the elderly,and their views on older people's physical condition,behavior and habits are positive.Second,qualitative research methods.The qualitative analysis of the questionnaire data from 80 sophomores in Senior High School C and 15 first graders in Junior High School D in City C shows that middle school students'attitudes toward older adults are largely positive and active,and they also put forward many positive suggestions for coping with an aging society.Implications are as follows.Firstly,we should strengthen traditional cultural education and enhance the emotional connection between teenagers and the elderly.Secondly,we need to popularize knowledge about aging,and make adolescents fear less about aging.Thirdly,we should cultivate a cultural atmosphere of respecting and helping the elderly,and encourage teenagers to assist seniors from a behavioral perspective.