我国企业实践专利开放许可制度的迷思:理论基础与制度建构

The Mystery of Practicing Patent Open License System in Chinese Enterprises:Theoretical Basis and Institutional Construction

专利开放许可是为解决专利许可供需两端信息匮乏、交易成本高而专门设立的制度,在当前我国专利实施率低、转化不畅制约我国经济高质量发展的背景下具有重要意义。英国、德国在开放许可上积累了丰富的经验可资借鉴,从开放许可创新效应的维度可以发现该制度在两国适用中的异化倾向。影响开放许可创新效应的因素实质上是节约成本逻辑和专利实施逻辑相互碰撞的结果,使得该制度面临道德风险的困境。借鉴国外开放式创新的新进经验将开放许可融入其整体性轨道中、优化开放许可专利侵权的停止侵害救济、制定与我国专利资费政策相协调的年费减免规则、推进专利行政部门从信息中介到创新中介角色的转变,有助于发挥开放许可的创新效应。

Open patent licensing is a system specifically established to address the lack of information and high transaction costs on both the supply and demand sides of patent licensing.It is of great significance in the current context of low patent implementation rate and poor conversion,which restricts high-quality economic development in China.The UK and Germany have accumulated rich experience in open licensing,which can be used as a reference.From the perspective of the innovation effect of open licensing,it can be found that the system has a tendency towards alienation in its application in both countries.The factors that affect the effect of open license innovation are essentially the result of the collision between cost saving logic and patent implementation logic,which poses a moral hazard to the system.Drawing on the new experiences of open innovation from foreign countries,integrating open licensing into its overall trajectory,optimizing the cessation of infringement relief for patent infringement under open licensing,formulating annual fee reduction rules that are coordinated with China’s patent tariff policy,and promoting the transformation of patent administrative departments from information intermediaries to innovation intermediaries,can help unleash the innovative effects of open licensing.