注册商标使用义务研究——基于法律行为理论视角

Research on the Obligation to Use Registered Trademarks:Based on the Theory of Legal Conduct

商标的价值在于使用,商标使用具备意思表示中的目的意思、效果意思、表示行为要件,引起了商标权的产生、变动与消灭,具有法律行为性质。法律行为理论中的第一性义务与第二性义务表明,注册商标使用义务的完善不仅要关注其使用义务的履行,更要强调违反使用义务的法律后果。目前,我国商标法关于注册商标使用义务的规定存在正面规范不足、反面规制疏漏问题,上述问题也造成商标恶意抢注行为泛滥、商标囤积现象频发等不良影响。有必要基于法律行为理论视角,借鉴域外商标立法实践,从法律体系上强化注册商标使用义务,对不同程序中的使用义务进行规范,以促使商标权人切实将其商标付诸使用。

The value of a trademark lies in its use.The use of a trademark has the intended meaning,effect meaning,and elements of expression in the expression of intention,which leads to the emergence,change,and elimination of trademark rights and has the nature of a legal act.The first and second obligations in the theory of legal acts indicate that the improvement of the obligation to use a registered trademark should not only focus on the performance of its usage obligations,but also emphasize the legal consequences of violating the usage obligations.At present,there are issues with insufficient positive regulations and omissions in negative regulations regarding the obligation to use registered trademarks in China’s Trademark Law.These issues have also led to the proliferation of malicious registration of trademarks and the frequent occurrence of trademark hoarding.It is necessary to strengthen the obligation to use registered trademarks from the legal system based on the perspective of legal behavior theory and draw inspiration from foreign trademark legislation practices,regulate the use obligations in different procedures,and encourage trademark owners to effectively use their trademarks.