循名责实:近代中国糖品名称衍化及规制

Following Principles,Honoring Truth:Transformation and Standardization of the Term for Sugar in Modern China

近代以来,在长距离贸易大规模展开、西方科技涌入及批量洋糖进口等多重因素影响下,中国糖品名称经历了从自然颜色判定、产地分类到学理归属及“号数”“温数”分类的衍化。面对日益纷繁复杂的糖品名称,国民政府在便利税收和保护国糖发展的双重考量下,自1930年检政实施之初就率先厘定糖品检验标准,进而统一、简化糖品名称以符合时代的需求。在糖品名称的规制过程中,新的糖品认知体系逐渐被建构起来。新知识体系的建构既是中外科技文明交流融合的内生成果之一,又是中国走向近代化国家的外显标识之一。

During the modern era,the growing influence and expansion of long-distance trade,the influx of Western technologies,and the importation of huge quantities of refined sugar from foreign countries,significant changes were made in the term used for sugar.Classification systems shifted from natural color-based categories,to regional designations,to chemical composition,and finally to various numbering systems such as"haoshu"(号数)and"wenshu"(温数).In the face of such changes and complicated names,the government of the Republic of China,since the 1930s,implemented rules for testing the quality of sugar in order to simplify and standardize the system of taxing sugar.This was also done to protect the Chinese sugar industry,thus to simplify and unify the term used for sugar in line with the needs of modern economic development.New knowledge systems have been formed during the course of the evolution of this term,and this formation was not only one of the outcomes of the interaction between Chinese and Western technologies,but also an one external sign of China's modernization.