农机制造业发展与农业生产技术效率——基于“空间溢出”和“后发追赶”效应的研究

Development of Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Industry and Agricultural Production Technical Efficiency:Based on the “Spatial Spillover” and “Catch-Up” Effects

农业机械化是建设农业强国的重要前提和物质基础。本文基于1977-2021年全国分省农机制造业企业面板数据,构建两部门一般均衡模型,探讨了农机制造业发展对农业生产技术效率的影响。研究结果表明:除了对本地区农业生产技术效率产生正向影响外,农机制造业发展还具有一定的技术效率空间溢出效应;农机制造业发展与分散度指数的交乘项表明,企业分散布局不利于提升农业生产技术效率;从空间溢出效应的辐射范围看,农机制造业发展影响农业生产技术效率的辐射距离可达3700~3800千米,基本可以实现覆盖全国;动态分析结果表明,前沿地区发挥了对落后地区带动作用,落后地区的农业生产技术效率具有向前沿地区追赶的趋势。1992年后,农机制造业市场化改革力度的加强推动了农业生产技术效率的趋同化。

Agricultural mechanization is an important prerequisite and material basis for building strength in agriculture.Based on the panel data of agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises across provinces from 1977 to 2021,this paper constructs a two-sector general equilibrium model to explore the influence of the development of the agricultural machinery manufacturing industry on the technical efficiency of agricultural production.In addition to having a positive impact on the agricultural production technical efficiency in the local area,the development of agricultural machinery manufacturing industry also has a strong spatial spillover effect on technical efficiency.The interaction term between the development of the machinery manufacturing industry and the dispersion index indicates that the distribution of enterprises is unfavorable to improving the technical efficiency of agricultural production.From the perspective of the radiation range of spatial spillover effects,the radiation distance of the development of agricultural machinery manufacturing industry on the efficiency of agricultural production technical efficiency can reach 3700-3800kilometers,which can basically cover the whole country.The dynamic analysis results show that frontier regions have played a leading role in supporting underdeveloped areas,and the agricultural production technical efficiency in the underdeveloped areas shows a trend of catching up with the frontier regions.After 1992,the strengthened market-oriented reform of agricultural machinery manufacturing industry has promoted the convergence of agricultural production technical efficiency.