城乡关系背景下中国集体林权制度变迁分析

Changes in China's Collective Forestland Tenure System in the Context of Urban-Rural Relations

集体林权制度与其嵌入的制度政策、市场、农户生计、环境因素等构成循环与累积因果联结,使集体林权制度不断变迁。本文构建了新的集体林权制度变迁理论分析框架,采用新制度分析方法,基于长时期的大样本数据,梳理了改革开放以来城乡严重分割、城乡分割趋缓、城乡统筹发展和城乡融合发展等背景下集体林权制度变迁的脉络及其核心问题,对不同城乡关系背景下的集体林权制度变迁进行了系统分析。本文研究结果显示:上层制度政策决定了集体林权制度变迁的可行性选择域和集体林利用方式,上层制度政策和市场共同决定了集体林经营的潜在利润空间;非预期变化触动集体林权制度变迁;农户生计改变使集体林权制度变迁成为可能;每个阶段林权绩效不佳的主要原因是林权制度变迁与其所嵌入的社会制度结构不匹配或没有实现协同演化。党的二十大后,深化集体林权制度改革需注重集成性、系统性和适应性,稳步推进。

The circular and cumulative causal nexus among the collective forestland tenure system,the embedded policies,market,rural livelihood,environmental factors and so on has led to the changes in collective forestland tenure system.This paper constructs a new theoretical framework of the changes in collective forestland tenure system,and uses the new institutional analysis method with long-term large sample data to analyze the trend and key issues of the changes in collective forestland tenure system,in the contexts of urban-rural separation being severe,urban-rural separation slowed down,urban-rural coordinated development,and urban-rural integrated development since the reform and opening up.The empirical results indicate that 1) high-level governmental policies stipulated the possible choice set of the changes in collective forestland tenure system and forest resources utilization modes;2) high-level governmental policies and market mutually decided the potential profit of collective forest resource management;3)unintended events stirred up the changes in collective forestland tenure system;4) changes of rural households' livelihoods made the institutional changes possible;5) the unsatisfactory performances of collective forestland tenure in each stage were caused by the mismatches between collective forestland tenure and its embedded socioeconomic institutional structures.After the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,deepening the reforms of collective forestland tenure system should be comprehensively,systemically,adaptively,and smoothly promoted.