“两山”理念的有效载体与实践:林下经济的经济效应、环境效应及其协同逻辑

The Effective Carrier and Practice of “Two Mountains” Concept:The Economic and Environmental Effects of Under-forest Economy and Their Synergistic Logic

林下经济是生态文明建设背景下推进山区绿色高质量发展、实现“两山”理念的重要载体。本文基于里昂惕夫生产函数和最优生产决策理论刻画林下经济的经济效应、环境效应及其协同的理论模型,并通过对典型案例县的研究,对林下经济的经济效应与环境效应协同发展的理论机制加以印证。研究发现:第一,林下经济经营中,给定其他条件不变,当劳动力投入效率增加时,劳动力投入先增加后降低、林地投入单调递增,林下经济的经济价值也是单调递增,而林下经济的生态价值先增加后降低,林下经济的经济价值和生态价值总和递增;第二,进一步基于扩展模型的分析发现,在适度经营规模下,林下经济产生生态反馈效应,经营主体不再单纯追求经济利润最大化,而是通过降低林地要素的投入来提高林地资源的生态反馈效应,从而提升环境效应,最终实现经济效应和环境效应协同发展;第三,浙江省松阳县的案例剖析表明,在政府的合理扶持下,依靠适度规模经营、生态化种植和三产融合能够实现林下经济的经济效应与环境效应协同发展。因此,林下经济作为“两山”理念的有效载体,应积极推广,通过科学有效经营,能够实现经济效应和环境效应的协同增长。

Under-forest economy is an important carrier for promoting green and high-quality development in mountainous areas and realizing the concept of “two mountains” under the background of ecological civilization construction.This paper is based on the Leontief production function and optimal production decision-making theory to describe the theoretical model of economic and environmental effects of the under-forest economy and their synergy.Through the study of typical case counties,we demonstrate the theoretical mechanism of the synergistic development of the economic and environmental effects of the under-forest economy.We find that,first,in the management of under-forest economy,all else equal,when the efficiency of labor input increases,labor input increases first and then decreases,and forest land input monotonically increases.The economic value of under-forest economy also monotonically increases,while the ecological value of under-forest economy increases first and then decreases,and the sum of economic and ecological values of under-forest economy increases.Second,further analysis based on the extended model reveals that under moderate operating scale,the under-forest economy generates ecological feedback effects.The operating entities no longer simply pursue the maximization of economic profits,but increase the ecological feedback effect of forest resources by reducing the input of forest elements,thereby enhancing environmental effects and ultimately achieving synergistic development of economic and environmental effects.Third,the case study of Songyang County,Zhejiang Province,shows that with reasonable government support,relying on moderate scale management,ecological planting,and integration of the three industries can achieve the synergistic development of economic and environmental effects in the under-forest economy.Therefore,as an effective carrier of the “two mountains” concept,the under-forest economy should be actively promoted.Through scientific and effective management,it can achieve synergistic growth of economic and environmental effects.