调整个性化定价的公私法协动体系构造

The Constration of Coordinative Public-private Legal System for Regulating Personalized Pricing

个性化定价问题的核心是买卖合同中的定价。我国目前的研究侧重从规制角度控制经营者的行为,但这一问题事关当事人间的合同效力,需要通过公法与私法的协动解决。从现行法的安定性和法律适用角度来看,以公法和私法共同的规制目的为连接点构建公私法协动体系更为可取。调整个性化定价的公私法协动体系应以确保合同自由和实现合同正义为共同目标。如果个性化定价不违背私法中的合同形式自由,公法应当尊重私法的目标,不予介入。例外情形在于:一方面,如果个性化定价行为侵害了合同实质自由,则需要通过公法与私法上的算法解释权、缔约过失责任等制度的联动,赋予当事人摆脱合同拘束的权利;另一方面,存在一方当事人具备垄断地位或者滥用支配地位的情形时,反垄断法等对个性化定价行为进行规制自不待言,而私法亦须引入公法的规制目的,通过强制缔约进一步赋予当事人缔结更有利合同的权利。

The core issue of personalized pricing lies in the pricing in sale contracts.Current research in China focuses on controlling the behavior of operators from a regulatory perspective.However,this issue concerns the validity of contracts between parties,requiring a solution through the coordination of public and private laws.From the perspective of the stability of the current law and the application of law,it is more advisable to construct a coordinative public-private legal system with a common regulatory purpose as the connecting point.The coordinative public-private legal system for regulating personalized pricing should aim to ensure contractual freedom and achieve contractual justice.If personalized pricing does not violate the formal freedom of contract in private law,public law should respect the goals of private law and refrain from interference.But there are still two exceptions.On the one hand,if personalized pricing infringes on the actual freedom of contract,the parties should be empowered to free themselves from contractual constraints through the coordination between such public and private law systems as the right to algorithm interpretation and culpa in contrahendo.On the other hand,when one party has a monopoly status or abuses a dominant position,the Antitrust Law and other relevant laws need of course to be applied to regulate personalized pricing,and private law must also introduce the regulatory purposes of public law and further empower the parties to conclude a contract more advantageous to themselves through mandatory contracting.