羁押必要性判断中的“一贯表现”证据研究

The Evidence of Consistent Performance in the Judgment on the Necessity of Detention

无论在理论上,还是在司法实践中,降低羁押率都有很强的正当性。逮捕的社会危险性评估是降低羁押率的最大变量,犯罪嫌疑人一贯表现的价值指向与降低羁押率的诉求有着内在契合,这为一贯表现证据在羁押必要性判断中发挥作用提供了空间。引入一贯表现有助于弱化对犯罪嫌疑人不利的社会危险性评估倾向,提高逮捕决策的社会认同度。当前在社会危险性评估中引入一贯表现证据存在诸多障碍,可考虑从以下方面予以突破:破解运用一贯表现证据的认识论困惑;降低对社会危险性评估准确性的过高期待;坚持降低羁押率的政策导向;明确一贯表现的规范地位;通过轻重分流控制需要调查一贯表现的案件量;通过证据指引和辩方的积极参与拓宽一贯表现证据的来源;以公开审查提高适用一贯表现证据的公信力等。

Reducing detention rates has strong legitimacy in both theory and practice.Social risk assessment is the biggest variable in reducing detention rates and the value orientation of consistent performance of the suspect is inherently congruent with the demand for reducing detention rates,both of which provide space for the evidence of consistent performance to function in the judgment of the necessity of detention.The introduction of consistent performance can help weaken the social risk assessment tendency unfavorable to suspects,and achieve more social recognition for decisions of arrest review.Currently,there are many obstacles to the inclusion of the evidence of consistent performance in social risk assessment.To overcome these obstacles,breakthroughs can be considered in the following aspects:deciphering the epistemological confusion about using the evidence of consistent performance,reducing excessive expectations of the accuracy of social risk assessment,stabilizing the policy orientation of reducing detention rates,clarifying the legal status of consistent performance in social risk assessment,controlling the number of cases that require consistent performance investigation by separating serious crimes from minor crimes,expanding evidence sources through evidence guidance and active participation of the defense,improving the credibility of the application of the evidence of consistent performance through public review,and so on.