得失之间:论D.布鲁德尼对青年马克思的罗尔斯式解读

Between Gains and Losses:On Daniel Brudney's Rawlsian Interpretation of Young Marx

布鲁德尼对青年马克思的解读展现了一种以罗尔斯资源重构马克思的理论努力和新型理论动向,引起了国内外学者的较多关注。他的解读紧紧围绕马克思的规范理论和“证成难题”展开,认为马克思持有一种关于人的本性和良善生活的规范理论,但由于拒斥哲学从而导致其无法在当下资本主义条件下证成其观点的正确性,为此须引入道德哲学和政治哲学的论证方式。其解读存在较多理论偏误。他有意无意抬高了青年马克思而贬低了成熟马克思,事实上导致了对历史唯物主义和剩余价值学说的否弃,其“证成难题”也并非理解马克思的关键。其解读总体上属于“资产阶级实践哲学”的行列,不能归入马克思主义的阵营。欲真正理解马克思,还须站在马克思本人的立场上并秉持思想的整体性和发展性原则,更须坚持历史唯物主义和科学社会主义等核心理论成果。

Brudney's interpretation of young Marx from the perspective of political philosophy and moral philosophy shows a kind of theoretical efforts to reconstruct Marx with Rawls resources and new theoretical trends,which has attracted more attention from scholars at home and abroad.His interpretation closely revolves around Marx's normative theory and the“proof problem”,holding that Marx holds a normative theory about human nature and good life,but he cannot prove the correctness of his views under the current condition of capitalism because he rejects philosophy,so it is necessary to introduce the argumentation methods of moral philosophy and political philosophy.His interpretation is worthy of affirmation,but there are many theoretical errors due to wearing the colored glasses of Rawls's political philosophy.Intentionally or unintentionally,he elevated the young Marx and belittled the mature Marx,which in fact led to the rejection of historical materialism and the theory of surplus value,and its“proof problem”is not the key to understand Marx.On the whole,its interpretation belongs to the ranks of“bourgeois practical philosophy”and cannot be classified into the Marxist camp.To truly understand Marx,it is necessary to stand on the position of Marx himself and uphold the principle of integrity and development of thought.Moreover,it is necessary to adhere to the core theoretical achievements of historical materialism and scientific socialism.